Prevalence and associated factors of malaria among febrile patients at two sites with different transmission intensities, Northwest Ethiopia

IF 2.4 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Parasite Epidemiology and Control Pub Date : 2025-06-16 DOI:10.1016/j.parepi.2025.e00441

Abebaw Setegn, Yalewayker Tegegne, Ligabaw Worku, Ayalew Jejaw Zeleke

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Malaria is the most prevalent and deadly mosquito-borne disease worldwide. In Ethiopia, Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax coexist, adding to the country's malaria burden. Assessing the prevalence of malaria and identifying the factors linked to its transmission are essential strategies for effective prevention and control.

Objectives

To determine the prevalence and associated factors of malaria among febrile patients at two sites with different transmission intensities.

Methods

An institution-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from April to May 2021. The sample size was determined using the double population proportion formula, and participants were selected through a convenient sampling technique in which study participants were selected based on their easy convenience or willingness to participate until the expected sample size was obtained. Malaria diagnosis was performed via Geimsa-based microscopy. Data entry was performed using EpiData version 4.6.0, and analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with malaria, with a p-value <0.05 considered statistically significant. Additionally, the difference in malaria prevalence between the two study areas was assessed using the chi-square test.

Results

Among the 528 study participants, the overall malaria prevalence was 16.1 % (85/528). Specifically, the prevalence was 13.6 % (36/264) at Maksegnit Health Center and 18.6 % (49/264) at Sanja Health Center. The difference in malaria prevalence between the two study sites was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). In Maksegnit Health Center, malaria prevalence was significantly associated with the age groups 6–14 years: 16.09 (2.65–37.80) and 15–24 years: 8.21 (2.74–20.98), as well as rural residence 14.25 (3.13–44.86). In Sanja Health Center, significant associations were observed with the age group 15–24 years: 8.21 (2.74–20.98), lack of bed net availability: 11.84 (3.36–41.66), and recent travel history: 5.58 (1.32–23.70).

Conclusion

This study revealed that malaria prevalence was moderately high in both study areas, with no statistically significant difference between the two sites. However, unique factors were associated with malaria prevalence in each location. These findings underscore the importance of targeted interventions to address area-specific risk factors, such as improving bed net distribution, enhancing housing conditions, and eliminating mosquito-breeding sites.

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埃塞俄比亚西北部两个不同传播强度地点发热患者疟疾流行情况及相关因素

疟疾是世界上最流行和最致命的蚊媒疾病。在埃塞俄比亚，恶性疟原虫和间日疟原虫共存，增加了该国的疟疾负担。评估疟疾流行情况和确定与疟疾传播有关的因素是有效预防和控制的基本战略。目的了解不同传播强度地区发热患者疟疾流行情况及相关因素。方法于2021年4 - 5月进行了一项基于机构的比较横断面研究。样本量采用双总体比例公式确定，参与者的选择采用方便抽样技术，即根据研究参与者的方便程度或参与意愿进行选择，直至获得预期样本量。通过基于geimsa的显微镜进行疟疾诊断。使用EpiData 4.6.0版本进行数据录入，使用SPSS 20版本进行分析。进行双变量和多变量分析以确定与疟疾相关的因素，p值<；0.05被认为具有统计学意义。此外，使用卡方检验评估了两个研究区域之间疟疾流行率的差异。结果528名研究对象中，疟疾总患病率为16.1%（85/528）。具体而言，Maksegnit保健中心的患病率为13.6% (36/264)，Sanja保健中心的患病率为18.6%（49/264）。两个研究地点的疟疾患病率差异无统计学意义(p >；0.05)。在Maksegnit保健中心，疟疾患病率与6-14岁年龄组（16.09(2.65-37.80)）和15-24岁年龄组（8.21(2.74-20.98)）以及农村居民（14.25(3.13-44.86)）显著相关。在Sanja卫生中心，15-24岁年龄组有显著相关性：8.21(2.74-20.98)，缺少蚊帐：11.84(3.36-41.66)，近期旅行史：5.58（1.32-23.70）。结论两个研究区疟疾流行率均为中高水平，差异无统计学意义。然而，与每个地点的疟疾流行有关的独特因素。这些发现强调了有针对性的干预措施的重要性，以解决特定地区的风险因素，如改善蚊帐分发、改善住房条件和消除蚊子滋生场所。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Parasite Epidemiology and Control Medicine-Infectious Diseases

CiteScore

5.70

自引率

3.10%

发文量

审稿时长

17 weeks

期刊介绍： Parasite Epidemiology and Control is an Open Access journal. There is an increasing amount of research in the parasitology area that analyses the patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in defined populations. This epidemiology of parasite infectious diseases is predominantly studied in human populations but also spans other major hosts of parasitic infections and as such this journal will have a broad remit. We will focus on the major areas of epidemiological study including disease etiology, disease surveillance, drug resistance and geographical spread and screening, biomonitoring, and comparisons of treatment effects in clinical trials for both human and other animals. We will also look at the epidemiology and control of vector insects. The journal will also cover the use of geographic information systems (Epi-GIS) for epidemiological surveillance which is a rapidly growing area of research in infectious diseases. Molecular epidemiological approaches are also particularly encouraged.