Advances in MOF membrane strategies for selective lithium extraction from salt lake brine

Abstract

Metal-organic framework (MOF) membranes have emerged as a promising solution for lithium extraction from salt lake brines due to their tunable pore structures and high specific surface areas. Their exceptional selectivity for Li⁺, combined with efficient extraction and robust performance in complex ionic environments, positions MOF membranes as a key technology for low-concentration lithium extraction. However, meeting industrial-scale demands requires not only enhancing membrane selectivity and permeability, but also addressing long-term stability and reusability under harsh conditions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in MOF-based membrane materials for Li⁺ extraction, focusing on both inorganic and organic substrate-supported configurations. Strategic approaches in structural design such as the selection of metal nodes, ligand modification, and encapsulation of active molecules, and growth control techniques to achieve precise pore architectures are discussed. Furthermore, methods for enhancing membrane robustness through multilayer and composite structures to improve antifouling properties and durability are outlined. Finally, the challenges and emerging trends are also proposed for sustainable and high-efficiency lithium extraction. This work offers valuable insights and theoretical support for the ongoing technical innovation and industrial application of MOF membranes in lithium extraction.