Particulate Matter and Total Volatile Organic Compound Emissions Following Surface Cleaning: Comparison of Cleaning Agents and Locations

IF 2.9 3区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Pedro A. F. Souza, Leigh R. Crilley, Yashar E. Iranpour, Jay Dave, Trevor C. VandenBoer* and Tara F. Kahan*, 
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Cleaning activities are essential for maintaining hygiene in indoor environments but can significantly influence indoor air quality (IAQ). We investigated emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate matter (PM) during cleaning events across various indoor settings including two laboratories, an office, and a residential bathroom, with room volumes ranging from 22 to 206 m3 and air changes rates (ACR) of 0.85–9.14 h-1. Four cleaning solutions with different active ingredients were evaluated: quaternary ammonium compounds (quats), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sodium hypochlorite (bleach), and thymol. Cleaning increased PM2.5 by 0.7–14.5 μg m–3, depending on location and cleaning solution, with quats generally yielding the greatest increases. Measured total volatile organic compound (TVOC) mixing ratios also increased following cleaning by 10–104 ppbv, with the exception of experiments performed using thymol. We note that sensors such as the photoionization detector (PID) used in this work do not provide quantitative TVOC measurements. In general, greater emissions of PM2.5 and TVOCs were observed in locations with lower ACR. We also measured PM2.5 in a lobby, elevator, and public bathroom in a hotel with a number of COVID-positive occupants during routine surface disinfection using a quats-based disinfectant: increases of 5.5–14.2 μg m–3 were observed. This study demonstrates that emissions other than active ingredients can affect IAQ during surface cleaning, and provides information that may help mitigate harmful effects. It also provides insight into the use and limitations of low-cost sensors (LCS) in determining IAQ impacts from cleaning.

表面清洁后的微粒物质和总挥发性有机化合物排放:清洁剂和地点的比较
清洁活动对保持室内环境卫生至关重要,但也会对室内空气质量产生重大影响。我们调查了不同室内环境(包括两个实验室、一个办公室和一个住宅浴室)在清洁活动期间挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)和颗粒物(PM)的排放,房间容积从22到206立方米不等,空气变化率(ACR)为0.85-9.14 h-1。对四种不同有效成分的清洗液进行了评价:季铵化合物(quats)、过氧化氢(H2O2)、次氯酸钠(漂白剂)和百里香酚。清洁会使PM2.5增加0.7-14.5 μg m-3,这取决于地点和清洁溶液,其中quats的增幅最大。除使用百里香酚进行的实验外,清洗后测量的总挥发性有机化合物(TVOC)混合比也增加了10-104 ppbv。我们注意到,在这项工作中使用的传感器,如光电离检测器(PID)不能提供定量的TVOC测量。总体而言,在ACR较低的地区,PM2.5和TVOCs的排放量更高。我们还测量了一家酒店大堂、电梯和公共浴室的PM2.5,该酒店使用ququs消毒剂进行常规表面消毒时,有许多冠状病毒阳性居住者:观察到PM2.5增加了5.5-14.2 μg m-3。本研究表明,在表面清洁过程中,除活性成分外的排放物也会影响室内空气质量,并提供有助于减轻有害影响的信息。它还提供了低成本传感器(LCS)在确定清洁对室内空气质量影响方面的使用和局限性的见解。
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来源期刊
ACS Earth and Space Chemistry
ACS Earth and Space Chemistry Earth and Planetary Sciences-Geochemistry and Petrology
CiteScore
5.30
自引率
11.80%
发文量
249
期刊介绍: The scope of ACS Earth and Space Chemistry includes the application of analytical, experimental and theoretical chemistry to investigate research questions relevant to the Earth and Space. The journal encompasses the highly interdisciplinary nature of research in this area, while emphasizing chemistry and chemical research tools as the unifying theme. The journal publishes broadly in the domains of high- and low-temperature geochemistry, atmospheric chemistry, marine chemistry, planetary chemistry, astrochemistry, and analytical geochemistry. ACS Earth and Space Chemistry publishes Articles, Letters, Reviews, and Features to provide flexible formats to readily communicate all aspects of research in these fields.
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