Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-93 and Its Derivatives: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

Abstract

Zeolitic imidazolate framework-93 (ZIF-93) has attracted significant attention owing to its ultrahigh specific surface area, permanent porosity, and excellent thermal and chemical stability. The existence of functional groups (−CH₃ and −CHO) in the organic ligand contributes to its exceptional performance in various fields such as adsorption, separation, nanofiltration, and sensing. In this perspective, the synthesis and structural characterization of ZIF-93 and its derivatives are summarized, with particular attention given to well-known examples. Furthermore, recent advances in the applications of ZIF-93 and its derivatives in adsorption, separation, and sensing have been elaborately discussed. Finally, the challenges hindering the industrial application of ZIF-93 are addressed, and the potential future prospects are outlined.