Culinary Medicine for Chronic Kidney Disease.

Abstract

Culinary medicine is an emerging, evidence-based discipline that integrates medical and nutritional care with practical culinary strategies to mitigate the risk and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Culinary Medicine, which falls under the broader movement of "Food is Medicine", supports culturally relevant, person-centered health care goals. It addresses strategies to overcome the health risks of the standard American diet, high in animal protein, salt, sugar, and ultra-processed foods. Recent guidelines, including the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) Clinical Practice Guidelines for Nutrition in CKD 2020 and Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) 2024 Clinical Practice Guideline for Evaluation and Management of CKD (40), recommend adoption of plant-rich eating patterns, based on the large body of evidence highlighting benefits such as reduced net acid production, lower body weight, and improved blood pressure. Transition to a kidney-friendly eating pattern is often hindered by barriers, like time, budget, and culinary skill. This innovative field uses food as a preventive and therapeutic tool to overcome barriers to the actionable food choices needed for better health. This article aims to: (1) underscore the role of culinary medicine in lifestyle intervention to improve CKD outcomes; and (2) explore practical implementation of Culinary Medicine in CKD management to optimize patient well-being. While direct, large-scale clinical trials specifically on culinary medicine in CKD are still emerging, the synergy of nutritional evidence and experiential strategies points to its promise as a preventive and therapeutic tool for improving CKD outcomes. Increasing awareness of the existence and effectiveness of culinary medicine within the nephrology community can foster meaningful discussions about impactful lifestyle changes that influence patient outcomes.