Current-Constrained Finite-Time Control Scheme for Speed Regulation of PMSM Systems With Unmatched Disturbances

Abstract

The article investigates the speed regulation of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) systems. Existing control methods of the non-cascade structure suffer from the drawbacks of unsatisfactory anti-disturbance performance and slow convergence rate when the system is affected by disturbances, especially unmatched disturbances. Meanwhile, the requirements of current constraint and fast dynamics cannot be effectively balanced in the single-loop structure of speed and current using traditional control methods such as the PID controller. Because large transient currents induced by fast dynamics may damage the hardware of the system. Therefore, a current-constrained finite-time control approach is proposed. Specifically, a robust finite-time control scheme is developed with the assistance of the improved finite-time observer technique. The proposed method is capable of actively suppressing both matched and unmatched disturbances in non-cascade control systems. Simultaneously, an effective penalty mechanism is established to incorporate a specific gain function into the designed controller. This approach restricts the q-axis current to a predefined safe range without solving an optimization problem. Finally, comparative experiment results indicate that the newly proposed finite-time control method outperforms the baseline control methods in terms of disturbance rejection, convergence rate, and current constraint. Note to Practitioners—This paper addresses practical challenges in controlling permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) systems, such as ensuring robust disturbance rejection while limiting transient currents to protect the hardware. Traditional methods often fail to balance fast dynamics with current constraints, leading to inefficiencies and potential damage. To tackle these issues, the proposed finite-time control approach introduces a practical solution that achieves robust disturbance rejection while ensuring that transient currents remain within safe operational limits. The use of an improved finite-time observer allows for real-time estimation of system disturbances, while the novel penalty mechanism restricts the q-axis current, preventing hardware damage. This method is particularly suited for applications in robotics, electric vehicles, and automated manufacturing, where precise speed regulation and reliability are crucial.