Proteomics profiles of bovine and goat milk fat globule membrane revealed differences on the components and potential functions

IF 2.8 2区农林科学 Q3 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

International Journal of Dairy Technology Pub Date : 2025-06-18 DOI:10.1111/1471-0307.70018

Baoyuan He, Yi Wei, Haiyan Xue, Yan Zhou, Yanhui Lian, Jun Ma, Yalin Tan, Yawen Wu

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Goat milk shares a similar nutrient composition with bovine milk and is often used as a substitute in milk product processing. However, goat milk may exhibit distinct biological properties due to compositional differences in its milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), which remain underexplored.

Aim(s)

This study aimed to compare the MFGM proteins of Chinese Holstein bovine and Guanzhong dairy goat milk to elucidate their proteomic profiles and potential nutritional implications.

Methods

MFGMs were isolated using phosphate-buffered saline aqueous extraction, and their structural integrity was verified using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). A label-free quantitative proteomics approach was employed to characterise MFGM protein profiles. Functional annotations were performed using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses.

Major findings

CLSM revealed that goat milk MFGMs had weaker structural stability than bovine MFGMs. Quantitative proteomics identified 1414 proteins in bovine MFGM and 2060 in goat MFGM, highlighting significant interspecies divergence in key protein components (P < 0.05). Notably, bovine MFGM demonstrated higher epidermal growth factor expression (P < 0.05), whereas goat MFGM had elevated xanthine oxidoreductase levels (P < 0.05). Differential expression analysis identified 169 signature proteins (e.g. vascular noninflammatory molecule 2, fibrinogen α-chain, and peptidoglycan recognition protein) that distinguished the two milk species. GO analysis revealed that MFGM proteins primarily differed in cellular and metabolic processes. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis further revealed significant differences in pyrimidine metabolism, drug metabolism-cytochrome P450 and glutathione metabolism between bovine and goat MFGMs.

Scientific or industrial implications

This comparative analysis demonstrated that goat MFGM contains unique bioactive proteins and has distinct nutritional properties. The identified biomarkers provide novel targets for dairy authentication and offer new insights into the selection of milk matrices for dairy product processing.

Abstract Image

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牛和山羊乳脂球膜的蛋白质组学分析揭示了其成分和潜在功能的差异

羊奶与牛奶的营养成分相似，常被用作奶制品加工的替代品。然而，羊奶可能由于其乳脂球膜（MFGM）的组成差异而表现出不同的生物学特性，这一点仍未得到充分的研究。目的比较中国荷斯坦牛和关中山羊奶的MFGM蛋白，探讨其蛋白质组学特征及其潜在的营养意义。方法采用磷酸盐缓冲盐水水溶液萃取分离mfgm，并用激光共聚焦扫描显微镜（CLSM）验证其结构完整性。采用无标记定量蛋白质组学方法来表征MFGM蛋白谱。使用基因本体（GO）和京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）途径富集分析进行功能注释。CLSM的主要发现表明，羊奶MFGMs的结构稳定性弱于牛MFGMs。定量蛋白质组学鉴定了牛MFGM中的1414个蛋白和山羊MFGM中的2060个蛋白，突出了关键蛋白成分在种间的显著差异（P < 0.05）。值得注意的是，牛MFGM表现出更高的表皮生长因子表达（P < 0.05），而山羊MFGM则表现出更高的黄嘌呤氧化还原酶水平（P < 0.05）。差异表达分析鉴定出169个特征蛋白（如血管非炎症分子2、纤维蛋白原α-链和肽聚糖识别蛋白），以区分两种牛奶。氧化石墨烯分析显示，MFGM蛋白主要在细胞和代谢过程中存在差异。KEGG途径富集分析进一步揭示了牛和山羊mfgm在嘧啶代谢、药物代谢-细胞色素P450和谷胱甘肽代谢方面存在显著差异。这一比较分析表明，山羊MFGM含有独特的生物活性蛋白，具有独特的营养特性。所鉴定的生物标志物为乳制品鉴定提供了新的靶点，并为乳制品加工中乳基质的选择提供了新的见解。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Dairy Technology 工程技术-食品科技

CiteScore

7.00

自引率

4.50%

发文量

审稿时长

12 months

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Dairy Technology ranks highly among the leading dairy journals published worldwide, and is the flagship of the Society. As indicated in its title, the journal is international in scope. Published quarterly, International Journal of Dairy Technology contains original papers and review articles covering topics that are at the interface between fundamental dairy research and the practical technological challenges facing the modern dairy industry worldwide. Topics addressed span the full range of dairy technologies, the production of diverse dairy products across the world and the development of dairy ingredients for food applications.