Analysis of the clinical and epidemiological profile of leprosy in Brazil and Major Regions

IF 3.6 4区医学 Q2 DERMATOLOGY

Anais brasileiros de dermatologia Pub Date : 2025-06-18 DOI:10.1016/j.abd.2025.501127

Alícia de Siqueira Sczmanski, Lucas Pazin, Thiago Mamoru Sakae, Josete Mazon

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Leprosy is an infectious disease, endemic to Brazil, associated with poor living conditions. Although curable, it is a neglected disease, posing a serious public health problem. The literature lacks comprehensive and recent analyses of the pathology.

Objectives

The study aims to describe and analyze the clinical-epidemiological profile of leprosy patients in large Brazilian regions and compare it with regional sociodemographic indicators.

Methods

This is an ecological, descriptive, and analytical observational study, carried out through the collection of secondary data from the Disease Notification Information System from 2014 to 2019, the 2010 census, and population estimates from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics.

Results

A total of 215,155 new cases were reported and the annual detection rate was maintained in four Brazilian regions, with only the South showing a significant decrease. The highest rate was observed in the Midwest and the lowest in the South. The predominant profile was male, age range between 60 and 79 years old, literate, and black and brown ethnicity. There was a predominance of the borderline cases, multibacillary form, more than five skin lesions, and zero grade of disability at diagnosis. Bacilloscopy was not performed in 42.8% of the cases and cure was the outcome in 77%.

Study limitations

The use of secondary data and the time interval analyzed are restricted by the data source platform and the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusions

This shows a perpetuated public health problem, mainly in the North, Northeast, and Midwest regions, associated with socioeconomic indicators and has a clinical-epidemiological profile that favors the bacillus transmission.

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巴西和主要地区麻风病临床和流行病学概况分析

背景麻风病是一种传染性疾病，在巴西流行，与恶劣的生活条件有关。虽然可以治愈，但它是一种被忽视的疾病，造成了严重的公共卫生问题。文献缺乏全面和最新的病理分析。目的本研究旨在描述和分析巴西大地区麻风病患者的临床流行病学概况，并将其与区域社会人口指标进行比较。方法：这是一项生态、描述性和分析性观察性研究，通过收集2014年至2019年疾病通报信息系统、2010年人口普查和巴西地理与统计研究所的人口估计数的二次数据进行。结果巴西4个地区共报告新发病例215,155例，年检出率保持不变，仅南部地区出现明显下降。中西部地区的失业率最高，南部最低。主要特征为男性，年龄在60 - 79岁之间，有文化，黑人和棕色人种。有优势的边缘病例，多杆菌形式，超过五个皮肤损伤，和零级残疾诊断。42.8%的病例未行杆菌镜检查，77%的病例治愈。研究局限二手数据的使用和分析的时间间隔受到数据源平台和COVID-19大流行的限制。结论：这显示了一个长期存在的公共卫生问题，主要在北部、东北部和中西部地区，与社会经济指标相关，并且具有有利于芽孢杆菌传播的临床流行病学特征。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Anais brasileiros de dermatologia DERMATOLOGY-

CiteScore

2.40

自引率

0.00%

发文量

184

审稿时长

32 days

期刊介绍： The journal is published bimonthly and is devoted to the dissemination of original, unpublished technical-scientific study, resulting from research or reviews of dermatological topics and related matters. Exchanges with other publications may be accepted.