Prompt gamma spectroscopy of metallic implants in proton therapy

IF 2.8 3区 物理与天体物理 Q3 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL
Hsin-Hon Lin , Chun-Yu Liu , Mythra Varun Nemallapudi , Chien-Yu Lin , Kun-Ju Lin , Chung-Chi Lee , Tsi-Chian Chao
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Abstract

The use of implanted markers for proton range verification has recently attracted increasing attention. This study investigates the feasibility of using prompt gamma (PG) emissions from metallic markers (aluminum, titanium, and silver) for proton range verification in proton therapy. Spectroscopic analysis of PG emissions was performed using a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector, focusing on the Bragg peak region. Experimental results were validated against GATE/GEANT4 Monte Carlo simulations employing Binary Intranuclear Cascade (BIC) and Liège Intranuclear Cascade (INCL++) models. Distinct PG spectral lines were identified for aluminum (416, 440, 1368, 1810 keV), titanium (159, 889, 983, 1312 keV), and silver (633, 861, 875 keV). Both BIC and INCL++ hadronic models demonstrated consistent distribution patterns in the distal fall-off region, with silver and aluminum showing excellent concordance between experimental and simulated data. Although PG measurements from titanium showed 1–4 mm discrepancies in the distal fall-off region at 889 and 1312 keV, the overall depth-dependent profiles remained consistent. The results demonstrate that metal-generated PG signals are reliably detectable and suitable for proton range verification. This study represents the first experimental validation of PG depth distribution analysis for these metals, highlighting silver's exceptional signal-to-noise ratio at 633 keV and underscoring the potential for practical implementation in proton therapy range verification using high-resolution spectroscopic detection without complex collimation systems.
质子治疗中金属植入物的提示伽马能谱
使用植入标记进行质子范围验证最近引起了越来越多的关注。本研究探讨了在质子治疗中使用金属标记物(铝、钛和银)的提示伽马(PG)发射进行质子范围验证的可行性。使用高纯度锗(HPGe)探测器对PG发射进行光谱分析,聚焦于布拉格峰区域。实验结果通过GATE/GEANT4蒙特卡罗模拟验证,采用二进制核内级联(BIC)和li核内级联(incl++)模型。铝(416、440、1368、1810 keV)、钛(159、889、983、1312 keV)和银(633、861、875 keV)的PG谱线明显。BIC和incl++强子模型在远端脱落区显示出一致的分布模式,其中银和铝在实验和模拟数据之间表现出良好的一致性。虽然钛的PG测量显示在889和1312 keV时远端脱落区有1-4毫米的差异,但总体深度相关剖面保持一致。结果表明,金属产生的PG信号可可靠检测,适合于质子范围验证。这项研究代表了对这些金属的PG深度分布分析的首次实验验证,突出了银在633 keV时的特殊信噪比,并强调了使用高分辨率光谱检测在没有复杂准直系统的情况下实际实施质子治疗范围验证的潜力。
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来源期刊
Radiation Physics and Chemistry
Radiation Physics and Chemistry 化学-核科学技术
CiteScore
5.60
自引率
17.20%
发文量
574
审稿时长
12 weeks
期刊介绍: Radiation Physics and Chemistry is a multidisciplinary journal that provides a medium for publication of substantial and original papers, reviews, and short communications which focus on research and developments involving ionizing radiation in radiation physics, radiation chemistry and radiation processing. The journal aims to publish papers with significance to an international audience, containing substantial novelty and scientific impact. The Editors reserve the rights to reject, with or without external review, papers that do not meet these criteria. This could include papers that are very similar to previous publications, only with changed target substrates, employed materials, analyzed sites and experimental methods, report results without presenting new insights and/or hypothesis testing, or do not focus on the radiation effects.
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