Factors influencing the mechanical strength of geopolymer-based ultra-high-performance concrete (G-UHPC): A systematic review from materials to processes

Abstract

Traditional ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) has a significant environmental impact due to its high cement content, leading to increased interest in sustainable alternatives. Geopolymer-based ultra-high-performance concrete (G-UHPC) has recently attracted attention because of its lower carbon footprint and environmental advantages. Although research on G-UHPC is still in its early phases, its mechanical strength has emerged as a critical performance indicator. Based on existing literature, this paper provides a comprehensive review of the key factors influencing G-UHPC's mechanical strength. The review examines the effects of chemical components, such as binders, activators, aggregates, and fibers, on mechanical strength and their synergistic interactions. Additionally, it analyzes how mixing ratios and curing conditions, as crucial process parameters, affect the mechanical properties of G-UHPC. Furthermore, the paper summarizes commonly used optimal designs and curing techniques. Finally, it outlines potential future research directions for G-UHPC. This review offers valuable insights for scholars and engineers seeking to enhance their understanding of the strength development mechanisms in G-UHPC and promotes the advancement of this emerging material.