Upik A Miskad, Matthew Martianus Henry, Carissa Ikka Pardamean, Arif Budiarto, Akram Irwan, James W Baurley, Irawan Yusuf, Bens Pardamean
{"title":"Colorectal cancer in south sulawesi: a case-control study for nongenetic risk factors.","authors":"Upik A Miskad, Matthew Martianus Henry, Carissa Ikka Pardamean, Arif Budiarto, Akram Irwan, James W Baurley, Irawan Yusuf, Bens Pardamean","doi":"10.3389/or.2025.1589655","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study analyzed the nongenetic risk factors that contributed to colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence in the South Sulawesi population through a case-control study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The sample consisted of 89 cases and 84 controls, aged between 19-86, with 99 males and 74 females from different ethnic groups. Univariate analysis was carried out using chi-square, Fisher's exact test, <math><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow> </math> -test, and Mann-Whitney U test. Significant nongenetic risk factors were selected through the logit model L1 regularization, adjusted for age, gender, and ethnicity. The analyzed risk factors were the patient's weight, height, body mass index (BMI), defecation location, exercise habit, smoking habit, marital status, occupation, education level, and distance to the nearest health center. The estimated odds ratio from the logit model was used to analyze the significance of the selected risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The significant risk factors from the logit model were smoking habit, education level, marital status, distance to the nearest health center, and weight. CRC cases were more likely to have lower education (OR = 1.819, 95% CI 1.354-2.443), residing in remote areas (OR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.17-1.772), experiencing decreasing weight (OR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.013-1.048). Controls were more likely to be non-smokers (OR = 0.325, 95% CI 0.149-0.707) and unmarried (OR = 0.161, 95% CI 0.036-0.716).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study determined that other nongenetic risk factors, including education level, distance to the nearest health center, weight, smoking habit, and marital status, contributed to the CRC incidence within the South Sulawesi population. The study emphasized the importance in accounting for these risk factors for further, targeted CRC preventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":"19 ","pages":"1589655"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12162515/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Oncology Reviews","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3389/or.2025.1589655","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ONCOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: This study analyzed the nongenetic risk factors that contributed to colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence in the South Sulawesi population through a case-control study.
Methods: The sample consisted of 89 cases and 84 controls, aged between 19-86, with 99 males and 74 females from different ethnic groups. Univariate analysis was carried out using chi-square, Fisher's exact test, -test, and Mann-Whitney U test. Significant nongenetic risk factors were selected through the logit model L1 regularization, adjusted for age, gender, and ethnicity. The analyzed risk factors were the patient's weight, height, body mass index (BMI), defecation location, exercise habit, smoking habit, marital status, occupation, education level, and distance to the nearest health center. The estimated odds ratio from the logit model was used to analyze the significance of the selected risk factors.
Results: The significant risk factors from the logit model were smoking habit, education level, marital status, distance to the nearest health center, and weight. CRC cases were more likely to have lower education (OR = 1.819, 95% CI 1.354-2.443), residing in remote areas (OR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.17-1.772), experiencing decreasing weight (OR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.013-1.048). Controls were more likely to be non-smokers (OR = 0.325, 95% CI 0.149-0.707) and unmarried (OR = 0.161, 95% CI 0.036-0.716).
Conclusion: The study determined that other nongenetic risk factors, including education level, distance to the nearest health center, weight, smoking habit, and marital status, contributed to the CRC incidence within the South Sulawesi population. The study emphasized the importance in accounting for these risk factors for further, targeted CRC preventions.
期刊介绍:
Oncology Reviews is a quarterly peer-reviewed, international journal that publishes authoritative state-of-the-art reviews on preclinical and clinical aspects of oncology. The journal will provide up-to-date information on the latest achievements in different fields of oncology for both practising clinicians and basic researchers. Oncology Reviews aims at being international in scope and readership, as reflected also by its Editorial Board, gathering the world leading experts in both pre-clinical research and everyday clinical practice. The journal is open for publication of supplements, monothematic issues and for publishing abstracts of scientific meetings; conditions can be obtained from the Editor-in-Chief or the publisher.