Black ginseng under forest as a natural antidepressant: insights into its active components and mechanisms.

IF 3.8 3区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Frontiers in Chemistry Pub Date : 2025-05-30 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.3389/fchem.2025.1619060

Yixuan Sui, Yiying Tan, Yajing Li, Xiaochen Gao, Han Lu, Jiaming Shen, Xuesheng Hu, Lei Wang, Liting Zhao, Jiaming Sun, Chunnan Li

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Abstract

Depression is a psychological disorder with significant global impact. It is widely hypothesized that this disorder is associated with neuroinflammation, which disrupts neural homeostasis through various pathways. This study aims to investigate the effective compounds and mechanisms of Black Ginseng under forest (BG) in combating neuroinflammation. Utilizing methods such as UPLC-QE Orbitrap-MS, network pharmacology, molecular docking, and cell biology, the efficacy of BG was demonstrated, and its active components were identified. Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed using Trans well migration assays and flow cytometry. The mRNA expression of target genes was confirmed through real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), elucidating the anti-neuroinflammatory mechanism. The results indicated that BG exhibited a more pronounced effect on ameliorating neuroinflammatory conditions compared to Ginseng under forest (FG). The main active components were found through research and development, including Ginsenoside F1, Ginsenoside Rk1, Ginsenoside Rg3, etc. Among these, Ginsenoside F1 emerged as the most potent active component for treating neuroinflammation, as evidenced by reduced cell migration and apoptosis. The study demonstrates that BG can modulate the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, leading to a reduction in the expression levels of AKT1, MAPK1, PIK3CA, EGFR, and other mRNAs. These findings suggest that BG is a promising natural antidepressant, providing both theoretical and experimental foundations for the development of new antidepressants based on BG and its active components.

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林下黑参作为一种天然抗抑郁药：对其有效成分和机制的研究。

抑郁症是一种具有重大全球影响的心理障碍。人们普遍假设这种疾病与神经炎症有关，神经炎症通过各种途径破坏神经稳态。本研究旨在探讨林下黑参抗神经炎症的有效成分及其作用机制。利用UPLC-QE Orbitrap-MS、网络药理学、分子对接、细胞生物学等方法验证了BG的药效，并鉴定了其有效成分。采用Trans - well迁移法和流式细胞术检测细胞活力和凋亡。通过实时定量PCR （RT-qPCR）确认靶基因mRNA表达，阐明抗神经炎症机制。结果表明，与林下人参（FG）相比，BG对神经炎症的改善作用更为明显。经研究开发发现主要有效成分为人参皂苷F1、人参皂苷Rk1、人参皂苷Rg3等。其中，人参皂苷F1是治疗神经炎症最有效的活性成分，可以减少细胞迁移和凋亡。研究表明，BG可以调节PI3K-Akt信号通路，导致AKT1、MAPK1、PIK3CA、EGFR等mrna的表达水平降低。这些发现表明，BG是一种很有前景的天然抗抑郁药，为开发基于BG及其活性成分的新型抗抑郁药提供了理论和实验基础。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Frontiers in Chemistry Chemistry-General Chemistry

CiteScore

8.50

自引率

3.60%

发文量

1540

审稿时长

12 weeks

期刊介绍： Frontiers in Chemistry is a high visiblity and quality journal, publishing rigorously peer-reviewed research across the chemical sciences. Field Chief Editor Steve Suib at the University of Connecticut is supported by an outstanding Editorial Board of international researchers. This multidisciplinary open-access journal is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to academics, industry leaders and the public worldwide. Chemistry is a branch of science that is linked to all other main fields of research. The omnipresence of Chemistry is apparent in our everyday lives from the electronic devices that we all use to communicate, to foods we eat, to our health and well-being, to the different forms of energy that we use. While there are many subtopics and specialties of Chemistry, the fundamental link in all these areas is how atoms, ions, and molecules come together and come apart in what some have come to call the “dance of life”. All specialty sections of Frontiers in Chemistry are open-access with the goal of publishing outstanding research publications, review articles, commentaries, and ideas about various aspects of Chemistry. The past forms of publication often have specific subdisciplines, most commonly of analytical, inorganic, organic and physical chemistries, but these days those lines and boxes are quite blurry and the silos of those disciplines appear to be eroding. Chemistry is important to both fundamental and applied areas of research and manufacturing, and indeed the outlines of academic versus industrial research are also often artificial. Collaborative research across all specialty areas of Chemistry is highly encouraged and supported as we move forward. These are exciting times and the field of Chemistry is an important and significant contributor to our collective knowledge.