Emerging Techniques in the Treatment of Conjunctival Melanoma.

IF 0.8 Q4 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Current Ophthalmology Reports Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-13 DOI:10.1007/s40135-025-00334-9

Wendy J Li, Nandini Venkateswaran, Michael Antonietti, Sana Qureshi, Anat Galor, Carol L Karp

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose of review: In this article, we summarize the pathogenesis, diagnostic challenges, current management, and emerging therapeutic strategies for conjunctival melanoma (CM).

Recent findings: CM is a deadly disease with rising global incidence. Key mutations, including BRAF, NF1, and TERT, play crucial roles in CM pathogenesis and may serve as targets for therapy. Advanced imaging and histopathological analysis have improved early detection and prognostic assessment. Treatment depends on tumor stage and includes surgical excision with adjuvant chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or orbital exenteration in advanced cases. Systemic workup is always indicated. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, successful in cutaneous melanoma, show promise in CM based off early studies, although more research is needed to confirm their benefit.

Summary: CM remains a significant clinical challenge and requires a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and treatment. Incorporating genetic profiling and targeted therapies is crucial to improving patient outcomes.

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结膜黑色素瘤治疗的新技术。

综述目的：在本文中，我们总结了结膜黑色素瘤（CM）的发病机制，诊断挑战，目前的管理和新兴的治疗策略。最近的研究发现：CM是一种全球发病率不断上升的致命疾病。关键突变，包括BRAF、NF1和TERT，在CM发病机制中起关键作用，可能作为治疗靶点。先进的影像学和组织病理学分析改善了早期发现和预后评估。治疗取决于肿瘤的分期，包括手术切除和辅助化疗、放疗，或晚期病例的眼眶摘除。总是需要进行系统的检查。基于早期研究，免疫检查点抑制剂在皮肤黑色素瘤中取得成功，显示出对CM的希望，尽管需要更多的研究来证实它们的益处。总结：CM仍然是一个重大的临床挑战，需要多学科的诊断和治疗方法。结合基因图谱和靶向治疗对改善患者预后至关重要。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Current Ophthalmology Reports Medicine-Ophthalmology

CiteScore

2.00

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： This journal aims to offer expert review articles on the most significant recent developments in the field of ophthalmology. By providing clear, insightful, balanced contributions, the journal intends to serve those who diagnose, treat, manage, and prevent ocular conditions and diseases. We accomplish this aim by appointing international authorities to serve as Section Editors in key subject areas across the field. Section Editors select topics for which leading experts contribute comprehensive review articles that emphasize new developments and recently published papers of major importance, highlighted by annotated reference lists. An Editorial Board of more than 20 internationally diverse members reviews the annual table of contents, ensures that topics include emerging research, and suggests topics of special importance to their country/region. Topics covered may include age-related macular degeneration; diabetic retinopathy; dry eye syndrome; glaucoma; pediatric ophthalmology; ocular infections; refractive surgery; and stem cell therapy.