Unveiling the Burden of Leukemia in Eritrea (2010–2020): Chronic Leukemia Stability, Rising ALL Incidence, and the Enigma of CML in a Low-Resource Setting

IF 1.5 Q4 ONCOLOGY
Cancer reports Pub Date : 2025-06-16 DOI:10.1002/cnr2.70203
Daniel Mebrahtu Abraha, Samuel Tekle Mengistu, Efriem Ghirmay, Eden Gebresilassie, Ghirmay Embaye Zerat, Rahwa Kokob, Asmeret Tesfazghi, Solomon Negash, Tsega Daniel, Salih Mohammed, Oliver Okoth Achila
{"title":"Unveiling the Burden of Leukemia in Eritrea (2010–2020): Chronic Leukemia Stability, Rising ALL Incidence, and the Enigma of CML in a Low-Resource Setting","authors":"Daniel Mebrahtu Abraha,&nbsp;Samuel Tekle Mengistu,&nbsp;Efriem Ghirmay,&nbsp;Eden Gebresilassie,&nbsp;Ghirmay Embaye Zerat,&nbsp;Rahwa Kokob,&nbsp;Asmeret Tesfazghi,&nbsp;Solomon Negash,&nbsp;Tsega Daniel,&nbsp;Salih Mohammed,&nbsp;Oliver Okoth Achila","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70203","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\n \n <p>Little research has been conducted on the epidemiology of leukemia in Eritrea. In this retrospective study, we evaluated the burden and trends of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and overall leukemia in Eritrea.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\n \n <p>An audit of leukemia cases recorded in laboratory logbooks at the National Health Laboratory and Orotta Referral and Teaching Hospital between January 2010 and December 2020 was performed. In addition to leukemia subtypes, variables such as age, sex, and year of incidence were retrieved. Relevant estimates assessed included crude incidence rates (CIR), age-standardized rates (ASIR), and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC). In total, 372 confirmed cases of leukemia were recorded between 2010 and 2020. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) age, maximum–minimum age, and male-to-female ratio were as follows: 48 years (24.5–60 years), 2–91 years, and 210:161 (1.3:1), respectively. The estimated all-age CIR and ASIR over the study period were 9.22 per 100,000 and 30.1 per 100,000, respectively. Analysis of cumulative (2010–2020) CIR per 100,000 (ASIR per 100 000) for ALL, AML, CLL, and CML were as follows: 2.01 (3.87); 0.94 (2.38); 2.94 (15.37); and 3.61 (24.03). Additionally, the median (IQR) age differed significantly across leukemia subtypes: ALL (23.0 years, IQR: 10.0–39.0); AML (30 years, IQR: 20–56 years); CLL (59.0 years, IQR: 40.75–66.75 years); and CML (49 years, IQR: 39.25–60 years), <i>p</i> value (Kruskal–Wallis) &lt; 0.05. The proportion of leukemia types did not differ significantly between males and females. Unlike other leukemia subtypes, the evaluation of ALL's EAPC demonstrated that the incidence of leukemia increased over time, 21.9 (95% CI: 3.1–44.1), <i>p</i> value = 0.025.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusions</h3>\n \n <p>The burden of leukemia in Eritrea remained relatively stable. However, due to underreporting and underdiagnosis, we believe the true burden of leukemia is likely higher. Furthermore, an upward trend in the burden of ALL was observed. Lastly, expanding diagnostic services to other sub-zones, establishing a national cancer registry, and prioritizing research remain critical in Eritrea.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"8 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnr2.70203","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Cancer reports","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cnr2.70203","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"ONCOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background and Aims

Little research has been conducted on the epidemiology of leukemia in Eritrea. In this retrospective study, we evaluated the burden and trends of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and overall leukemia in Eritrea.

Methods and Results

An audit of leukemia cases recorded in laboratory logbooks at the National Health Laboratory and Orotta Referral and Teaching Hospital between January 2010 and December 2020 was performed. In addition to leukemia subtypes, variables such as age, sex, and year of incidence were retrieved. Relevant estimates assessed included crude incidence rates (CIR), age-standardized rates (ASIR), and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC). In total, 372 confirmed cases of leukemia were recorded between 2010 and 2020. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) age, maximum–minimum age, and male-to-female ratio were as follows: 48 years (24.5–60 years), 2–91 years, and 210:161 (1.3:1), respectively. The estimated all-age CIR and ASIR over the study period were 9.22 per 100,000 and 30.1 per 100,000, respectively. Analysis of cumulative (2010–2020) CIR per 100,000 (ASIR per 100 000) for ALL, AML, CLL, and CML were as follows: 2.01 (3.87); 0.94 (2.38); 2.94 (15.37); and 3.61 (24.03). Additionally, the median (IQR) age differed significantly across leukemia subtypes: ALL (23.0 years, IQR: 10.0–39.0); AML (30 years, IQR: 20–56 years); CLL (59.0 years, IQR: 40.75–66.75 years); and CML (49 years, IQR: 39.25–60 years), p value (Kruskal–Wallis) < 0.05. The proportion of leukemia types did not differ significantly between males and females. Unlike other leukemia subtypes, the evaluation of ALL's EAPC demonstrated that the incidence of leukemia increased over time, 21.9 (95% CI: 3.1–44.1), p value = 0.025.

Conclusions

The burden of leukemia in Eritrea remained relatively stable. However, due to underreporting and underdiagnosis, we believe the true burden of leukemia is likely higher. Furthermore, an upward trend in the burden of ALL was observed. Lastly, expanding diagnostic services to other sub-zones, establishing a national cancer registry, and prioritizing research remain critical in Eritrea.

Abstract Image

揭示厄立特里亚白血病负担(2010-2020):低资源环境下慢性白血病稳定性、ALL发病率上升和CML之谜
背景和目的关于厄立特里亚白血病流行病学的研究很少。在这项回顾性研究中,我们评估了厄立特里亚急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)、急性髓性白血病(AML)、慢性髓性白血病(CML)、慢性淋巴细胞白血病(CLL)和总体白血病的负担和趋势。方法与结果对2010年1月至2020年12月国家卫生实验室和Orotta转诊与教学医院实验室日志记录的白血病病例进行审计。除白血病亚型外,还检索了年龄、性别和发病年份等变量。评估的相关估计值包括粗发病率(CIR)、年龄标准化率(ASIR)和估计年百分比变化(EAPC)。2010年至2020年间,总共记录了372例确诊的白血病病例。年龄中位数(四分位数间距[IQR])为48岁(24.5-60岁),最大-最小年龄为2-91岁,男女比例为210:161(1.3:1)。研究期间估计的全年龄CIR和ASIR分别为9.22 / 10万和30.1 / 10万。ALL、AML、CLL和CML的累积(2010-2020)CIR / 100,000 (ASIR / 100,000)分析如下:2.01 (3.87);0.94 (2.38);2.94 (15.37);3.61(24.03)。此外,不同白血病亚型的中位(IQR)年龄差异显著:ALL(23.0岁,IQR: 10.0-39.0);AML(30岁,IQR: 20-56岁);CLL(59.0岁,IQR: 40.75 ~ 66.75岁);CML(49岁,IQR: 39.25 ~ 60岁),p值(Kruskal-Wallis) < 0.05。白血病类型的比例在男性和女性之间没有显著差异。与其他白血病亚型不同,ALL的EAPC评估显示,白血病的发病率随着时间的推移而增加,为21.9 (95% CI: 3.1-44.1), p值= 0.025。结论厄立特里亚白血病负担保持相对稳定。然而,由于漏报和漏诊,我们认为白血病的真正负担可能更高。此外,观察到ALL负担呈上升趋势。最后,在厄立特里亚,将诊断服务扩大到其他次区域、建立国家癌症登记处和优先考虑研究仍然至关重要。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
Cancer reports
Cancer reports Medicine-Oncology
CiteScore
2.70
自引率
5.90%
发文量
160
审稿时长
17 weeks
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术官方微信