Editorial Presentation to Our Second Number for 2025

Abstract

This issue of Latin American Policy includes six original research articles and an Opinion piece on how Trump is transforming the global order. Luis Vargas-Faulbaum, Juan Jacobo Velasco, and Gibrán Cruz-Martínez investigate the repercussions of the Covid-19 pandemic on existing cash transfers and labor programs in Latin America. Through statistical analysis, the research reveals an expansion in cash transfer programs but no significant growth in labor programs. Benjamin Kurylo's research focuses on El Salvador's transition from dollarization to Bitcoinization, highlighting the country's innovative policies. The research concludes that neither policy alone has been effective in transforming the economy or promoting sustainable growth.

Alberto Lioy and Felipe Jaramillo Ruiz's research delves into the contradictions of centralized state planning in Colombia within the context of neoliberalism. By analyzing academic literature and national development plans spanning five decades, the study uncovers key debates surrounding Colombia's development model. By synthesizing various sources, the research aims to dispel misconceptions and provide a clearer understanding of Colombia's development challenges.

Maria Clara Oliveira and Fernanda Lima-Silva's article focuses on the reform of Sao Paulo's transportation policy, specifically the revitalization of Detran.SP. The study explores the challenges and outcomes of the administrative reform of this subnational agency in Brazil. By analyzing documents and conducting interviews with stakeholders involved in the reform, the research compares the situation before and after the reform, highlighting the various modifications made to the transportation policy. The article contributes to theoretical discussions by examining a complex policy reform process in Sao Paulo, shedding light on reform processes in Brazil, particularly at the state level.

Diego S. Crescentino explores the role of academia in shaping Brazilian foreign policy, challenging the traditional focus on the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The study highlights the influence of academic actors in contributing intellectual frameworks that influence diplomatic strategies, alongside the government's role in policy formulation. The findings reveal that academic contributions have both reinforced and challenged official foreign policy narratives, depending on alignment or divergence with state-led frameworks.

Edgar Demetrio Tovar-García and Felipe De Anda's research focuses on the relationship between trust and entrepreneurial internationalization by examining Mexican entrepreneurs. The study surveyed 103 entrepreneurs who are members of Coparmex, Jalisco delegation, to analyze trust levels among domestic and internationalized entrepreneurs. The findings have policy implications, emphasizing the importance of fostering trust with foreign partners, promoting international networking and transparency, and providing training in global business practices to support the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises in developing countries.

Finally, Roberto Russell and Juan Gabreil Tokatlian offer an interesting reflection on how the configuration and changing nature of the international order have become fundamental issues in the current international relations debate, with important consequences for Latin American countries. We hope our growing readers enjoy all articles included in the current volume.