Investigation of a mixed-mode solar dryer assisted with an air recycling system and phase change material unit for coffee beans drying: An experimental study

IF 9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable Energy Pub Date : 2025-06-15 DOI:10.1016/j.renene.2025.123762

Suherman Suherman , Didi Dwi Anggoro , Sugiharto Sugiharto , Muhammad Anas Asy-Syaqiq

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Abstract

This study investigates a novel mixed-mode solar dryer designed to improve thermal efficiency in drying processes. The dryer incorporates a drying chamber connected to evacuated tube solar collectors, an air recirculation system, and phase change materials (PCM). The performance of the solar dryer was evaluated using coffee beans, with air recycling ratios of 100 %, 50 %, and 0 %, alongside PCM utilization. Results indicated that the 100 % recycling ratio raised the drying chamber temperature by 4°C–10 °C compared to the other ratios. With the assistance of PCM and an air recirculation system, the final moisture content of the coffee beans reached 12.23 % and 10.30 % for 100 % and 50 % recirculation ratios within 9 h to the Indonesian National Standard. Combining air recycling and PCM enhanced dryer efficiency while reducing energy consumption. The highest average solar dryer efficiency and specific moisture extraction ratio were recorded at the 100 % ratio with PCM, reaching 18.51 % and 0.282 kg/kWh, respectively, with the lowest specific energy consumption of 3.887 kWh/kg. The fastest payback period for this dryer is 1.56 years, yielding annual savings of 5496.32 USD over its 20-year at a 50 % ratio with PCM. Hence, this mixed-mode solar dryer has proven excellent thermal performance and economic feasibility.

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带有空气循环系统和相变物料单元的混合模式太阳能干燥机用于咖啡豆干燥的实验研究

本文研究了一种新型混合模式太阳能干燥机，旨在提高干燥过程的热效率。该干燥器包括连接到真空管太阳能集热器的干燥室、空气再循环系统和相变材料（PCM）。太阳能干燥器的性能评估使用咖啡豆，空气回收率为100%，50%和0%，以及PCM的利用率。结果表明：与其他回收率相比，100%回收率可使干燥室温度提高4℃~ 10℃；在PCM和空气再循环系统的帮助下，在100%和50%的再循环率下，咖啡豆的最终水分含量在9小时内达到12.23%和10.30%，达到印度尼西亚国家标准。结合空气回收和PCM提高干燥效率，同时减少能源消耗。当PCM比例为100%时，太阳能干燥机的平均效率和比抽湿率最高，分别达到18.51%和0.282 kg/kWh，比能耗最低，为3.887 kWh/kg。这款烘干机最快的投资回收期为1.56年，在20年的时间里，每年节省5496.32美元，与PCM的比例为50%。因此，这种混合模式太阳能干燥机具有优异的热性能和经济可行性。

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来源期刊

Renewable Energy 工程技术-能源与燃料

CiteScore

18.40

自引率

9.20%

发文量

1955

审稿时长

6.6 months

期刊介绍： Renewable Energy journal is dedicated to advancing knowledge and disseminating insights on various topics and technologies within renewable energy systems and components. Our mission is to support researchers, engineers, economists, manufacturers, NGOs, associations, and societies in staying updated on new developments in their respective fields and applying alternative energy solutions to current practices. As an international, multidisciplinary journal in renewable energy engineering and research, we strive to be a premier peer-reviewed platform and a trusted source of original research and reviews in the field of renewable energy. Join us in our endeavor to drive innovation and progress in sustainable energy solutions.