Photocatalyst deactivation in gaseous VOCs photooxidation: Mechanisms, stability enhancement, and regeneration strategies

IF 7.4 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL
Asad Mahmood
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Abstract

Air pollution from volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has raised interest in photocatalytic oxidation for air cleaning. However, photocatalysts often lose activity under real conditions. Unlike laboratory settings, real air contains many organic compounds. These can cause competitive adsorption, form reactive byproducts, and poison the surface. As a result, photocatalytic performance drops over time. This review explains the main reasons for deactivation in gas-phase systems. These include the buildup of carbon residues, formation of byproducts with nitrogen or sulfur, coke deposits, and damage to the material’s structure. We also discuss how surface defects, crystal structure, and particle shape affect both activity and durability. Different methods to restore activity are reviewed. These include heating, chemical cleaning, and light-based recovery. We also highlight recent advances in material design. Examples include single-site catalysts and porous structures such as metal organic frameworks. These materials can improve selectivity and resist deactivation. Machine learning is also gaining attention. It can help predict stability and guide the design of better photocatalysts. Although deactivation is widely studied, few reports focus on gas-phase systems with a clear mechanistic view. This review fills that gap. It combines experiments with analysis to support the design of stable and reusable photocatalysts for clean air.
气态VOCs光氧化中的光催化剂失活:机制、稳定性增强和再生策略
挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)引起的空气污染引起了人们对光催化氧化净化空气的兴趣。然而,光催化剂在实际条件下往往失去活性。与实验室环境不同,真实的空气中含有许多有机化合物。这些会引起竞争性吸附,形成反应性副产物,并毒害表面。因此,光催化性能随着时间的推移而下降。本文综述了气相系统失活的主要原因。这些包括碳残留物的积累,与氮或硫的副产品的形成,焦炭沉积,以及对材料结构的破坏。我们还讨论了表面缺陷、晶体结构和颗粒形状如何影响活性和耐久性。回顾了恢复活动的不同方法。这些措施包括加热、化学清洗和光基回收。我们还强调了材料设计的最新进展。例子包括单位点催化剂和多孔结构,如金属有机框架。这些材料可以提高选择性和抗失活。机器学习也越来越受到关注。它可以帮助预测稳定性和指导更好的光催化剂的设计。虽然失活研究广泛,但很少有报道关注气相系统,并有明确的机制观点。这篇综述填补了这一空白。它将实验与分析相结合,以支持设计稳定且可重复使用的清洁空气光催化剂。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering Environmental Science-Pollution
CiteScore
11.40
自引率
6.50%
发文量
2017
审稿时长
27 days
期刊介绍: The Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering (JECE) serves as a platform for the dissemination of original and innovative research focusing on the advancement of environmentally-friendly, sustainable technologies. JECE emphasizes the transition towards a carbon-neutral circular economy and a self-sufficient bio-based economy. Topics covered include soil, water, wastewater, and air decontamination; pollution monitoring, prevention, and control; advanced analytics, sensors, impact and risk assessment methodologies in environmental chemical engineering; resource recovery (water, nutrients, materials, energy); industrial ecology; valorization of waste streams; waste management (including e-waste); climate-water-energy-food nexus; novel materials for environmental, chemical, and energy applications; sustainability and environmental safety; water digitalization, water data science, and machine learning; process integration and intensification; recent developments in green chemistry for synthesis, catalysis, and energy; and original research on contaminants of emerging concern, persistent chemicals, and priority substances, including microplastics, nanoplastics, nanomaterials, micropollutants, antimicrobial resistance genes, and emerging pathogens (viruses, bacteria, parasites) of environmental significance.
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