Mechanisms of Anode Interfacial Phenomena and Multi‐perspective Optimization in Aqueous Alkaline Zinc‐Air Batteries

Abstract

Zinc‐air batteries are promising candidates for next‐generation energy storage due to their high theoretical energy density, abundant resources, and intrinsic safety. However, their commercialization is hindered by anode interfacial challenges such as dendritic growth, passivation layer formation, self‐corrosion, and hydrogen evolution reaction, which can severely degrade battery efficiency and lifespan. In this context, this review presents a mechanism‐driven and multi‐perspective analysis of these issues, providing in‐depth insights into their electrochemical performance. Here, multiple perspectives are integrated from electrochemical mechanisms, material science, and process engineering, offering a straightforward understanding of anode behavior in aqueous‐alkaline zinc‐air batteries. Furthermore, this review evaluates three resolution strategies: (1) electrode engineering including alloying & compositing strategies, and 3D structured anodes to enhance Zn reversibility; (2) surface/interface engineering via protective coatings, functionalized layers, and ion‐sieving materials to mitigate passivation and self‐corrosion; and (3) electrolyte engineering through tailored organic–inorganic additives that regulate Zn‐ion transport and stabilize the anode‐electrolyte interface. Additionally, this review underscores research gaps, such as the need for standardized performance metrics and in situ characterization. Through combining fundamental mechanisms and engineering strategies, this work provides a clear roadmap for the advancement of next‐generation batteries, bridging knowledge gaps and advancing their practical implementation in sustainable energy applications.