Nutrient cues control flowering time in plants.

Abstract

The transition from vegetative to reproductive growth is a critical phase in the plant life cycle that significantly impacts reproductive success. This complex process is regulated by a dynamic interplay of genetic, molecular, and physiological mechanisms. While the roles of environmental factors such as photoperiod and temperature in flowering regulation are well documented, the impact of nutrient availability - particularly nitrogen and phosphorus - has gained increasing attention. Recent research highlights how these macronutrients intricately interact with key signaling pathways that regulate flowering time. Specifically, while nitrogen deficiency tends to accelerate flowering, phosphate deficiency often results in delayed flowering. This review examines molecular insights into how nitrogen and phosphorus cues influence flowering, offering key strategies for sustainable development.