Psychotherapists' and Trainees' Experiences With Co-Therapy in a Training Setting: Roles, Benefits, Challenges, and Teamwork Strategies.

Abstract

Objective: To explore therapists' and trainees' experiences using co-therapy in a university psychotherapy training service.

Methods: Therapists (n = 18) and trainees (n = 19) aged 21-36 from an outpatient psychotherapy service located in Ecuador participated in the study. All participants took part in semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using the framework analysis approach.

Results: Most therapists and trainees had not prior experience with co-therapy. Therapists' roles at this service often involved guiding trainees and fostering mutual learning and support. Trainees also highlighted the learning opportunities that co-therapy provided; however, they expressed discomfort with administrative burdens. Co-therapy was seen as beneficial for offering diverse perspectives, for collaborative discussion and for guided intervention. Challenges included communication issues and clients feeling intimidated. Both groups emphasized the need for open communication and collaborative planning.

Conclusion: From therapists' and trainees' perspectives, co-therapy is a feasible approach for both training and conducting psychotherapy. It can enhance therapeutic outcomes by integrating multiple perspectives on case formulation, progress assessment, and therapeutic direction. For trainees, co-therapy provides real-world exposure to diverse therapeutic approaches, helps understand relational dynamics, and offers continuous support from a therapy partner and network. Other training services may implement structured co-therapy programs for training, prioritizing effective communication and collaboration, and providing clear guidelines to manage challenges. Co-therapy teams should consider clients' preferences and comfort levels.