Ultra-processed food consumption is linked to an increased risk of chronic respiratory diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

IF 2.9 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Clinical nutrition ESPEN Pub Date : 2025-06-12 DOI:10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.06.011

Tefera Chane Mekonnen , Zumin Shi , Bereket Gebremichael , Yohannes Adama Melaku , Tiffany K. Gill

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) are a leading cause of global mortality, with dietary factors, including ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption, contributing to their burden. The relationship between UPF intake and CRD risk in adults remains unclear.

Objectives

This study evaluates epidemiological evidence linking UPF exposure to overall CRD risk and cause-specific respiratory conditions.

Methods

A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases, covering studies from 2009 to January 2024. Cohort studies examining UPF exposure and CRD risk were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the National Institute of Health tool, and NutriGrade scoring evaluated the quality of meta-evidence. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis.

Results

Six cohort studies (k = 18) involving 948,428 participants and 11,341 CRD events were analyzed. Higher UPF exposure was associated with an increased CRD risk but not lung cancer. Each 10 % increase in UPF intake corresponded to a 19 % higher CRD risk (relative risk [RR] = 1.19; 95 % confidence interval [CI]:1.004–1.40; NutriGrade = moderate) but showed no significant association with lung cancer (RR = 1.09; 95 % CI: 0.88–1.38; NutriGrade = very low). Results were consistent across sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions

Greater UPF consumption is linked to higher CRD risk, underscoring the need for public health interventions to reduce UPF exposure and mitigate CRD burden. High study heterogeneity highlights the need for further mechanistic research.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO CRD42022345920.

查看原文本刊更多论文

超加工食品消费与慢性呼吸道疾病风险增加有关：前瞻性队列研究的系统回顾和荟萃分析

背景：慢性呼吸道疾病（CRDs）是全球死亡的主要原因，饮食因素，包括超加工食品（UPF）的消费，是造成其负担的原因之一。成人UPF摄入量与CRD风险之间的关系尚不清楚。目的：本研究评估了UPF暴露与CRD总体风险和病因特异性呼吸系统疾病之间的流行病学证据。方法：采用PubMed、Embase、PsycINFO、Scopus、ProQuest、Web of Science、Cochrane Library等数据库，对2009年至2024年1月的研究进行系统评价和meta分析。纳入了检查UPF暴露和CRD风险的队列研究。使用美国国立卫生研究院的工具评估偏倚风险，NutriGrade评分评估meta证据的质量。采用随机效应荟萃分析合并调整后的风险比（hr）。结果：共分析了6项队列研究（k = 18），涉及948,428名受试者和11,341例CRD事件。较高的UPF暴露与CRD风险增加有关，但与肺癌无关。UPF摄入量每增加10%，CRD风险就增加19%(相对风险[RR] = 1.19；95%置信区间[CI]:1.004-1.40；NutriGrade =中度)，但与肺癌无显著相关性(RR = 1.09；95% ci: 0.88-1.38；NutriGrade =非常低)。敏感性分析的结果是一致的。结论：更大的UPF消费与更高的CRD风险相关，强调需要采取公共卫生干预措施，以减少UPF暴露和减轻CRD负担。研究的高度异质性突出了进一步机制研究的必要性。系统评价注册：PROSPERO CRD42022345920。

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来源期刊

Clinical nutrition ESPEN NUTRITION & DIETETICS-

CiteScore

4.90

自引率

3.30%

发文量

512

期刊介绍： Clinical Nutrition ESPEN is an electronic-only journal and is an official publication of the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN). Nutrition and nutritional care have gained wide clinical and scientific interest during the past decades. The increasing knowledge of metabolic disturbances and nutritional assessment in chronic and acute diseases has stimulated rapid advances in design, development and clinical application of nutritional support. The aims of ESPEN are to encourage the rapid diffusion of knowledge and its application in the field of clinical nutrition and metabolism. Published bimonthly, Clinical Nutrition ESPEN focuses on publishing articles on the relationship between nutrition and disease in the setting of basic science and clinical practice. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN is available to all members of ESPEN and to all subscribers of Clinical Nutrition.