Impact of linoleic acid on apolipoprotein B in individuals without previous diagnosis of cardiovascular disease: A Mendelian Randomization study

IF 2.9 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Clinical nutrition ESPEN Pub Date : 2025-06-16 DOI:10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.06.008

Gregory S. Nacarelli , Tracy Fasolino , Puya Yazdi , Vivian Haley-Zitlin , Stephanie Trammel

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Apolipoprotein B is an essential causal marker of cardiovascular disease. Studies have attempted to understand the impact of fatty acids on cardiovascular disease risk by measuring changes in apolipoprotein B. Linoleic acid is an omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid that has demonstrated effects on cardiovascular disease outcomes.

Objective

This study attempts to investigate the causal association of plasma concentrations of linoleic acid with apolipoprotein B via Mendelian Randomization, in addition to confounders of this relationship.

Methods

The UK Biobank was used to obtain participant data for omega-6 polygenic risk scores, linoleic acid, and apolipoprotein B concentrations, in addition to confounding variable data. This study excluded individuals with a cardiovascular disease diagnosis or taking cholesterol-lowering medications. Multivariable regression was utilized to identify statistically significant impacts on apolipoprotein B, followed by Mendelian Randomization via two-stage least-squares analysis.

Results

Multivariable regression identified a statistically significant association of apolipoprotein B with linoleic acid, monounsaturated fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, age, sex, fasting, BMI, alcohol intake frequency, vigorous exercise, and smoking status. Two-stage least-squares analysis found a statistically significant causal association of genetically predicted linoleic acid on apolipoprotein B concentration (b = 0.23; 95 % CI: 0.207–0.243; p < 0.001), with the first stage of the analysis yielding an eigenvalue of 755.79 and F-statistic of 2796.93 and the second stage of the analysis yielding a statistically significant Wald χ ² value of 27276.48 and R² of 0.62.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates a causal association of linoleic acid with apolipoprotein B concentrations. Future studies should evaluate this association and the confounders of this relationship.

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亚油酸对无心血管疾病个体载脂蛋白B的影响：一项孟德尔随机研究

背景：载脂蛋白B是心血管疾病的重要致病标志物。研究试图通过测量载脂蛋白b的变化来了解脂肪酸对心血管疾病风险的影响。亚油酸是一种omega-6多不饱和脂肪酸，已被证明对心血管疾病的预后有影响。目的：本研究试图通过孟德尔随机化研究血浆亚油酸浓度与载脂蛋白B的因果关系，以及这种关系的混杂因素。方法：使用英国生物银行（UK Biobank）获取参与者数据，包括omega-6多基因风险评分、亚油酸和载脂蛋白B浓度，以及混杂变量数据。这项研究排除了患有心血管疾病或正在服用降胆固醇药物的个体。使用多变量回归来确定载脂蛋白B的统计学显著影响，然后通过两阶段最小二乘分析进行孟德尔随机化。结果：多变量回归发现载脂蛋白B与亚油酸、单不饱和脂肪酸、饱和脂肪酸、年龄、性别、禁食、BMI、饮酒频率、剧烈运动和吸烟状况有统计学意义的关联。两阶段最小二乘分析发现遗传预测亚油酸与载脂蛋白B浓度有统计学显著的因果关系(B = 0.23；95% ci: 0.207-0.243；p < 0.001)，第一阶段分析的特征值为755.79，f统计量为2796.93，第二阶段分析的Wald χ 2值为27276.48，R2为0.62，具有统计学意义。结论：本研究证明了亚油酸与载脂蛋白B浓度之间的因果关系。未来的研究应该评估这种关联和这种关系的混杂因素。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Clinical nutrition ESPEN NUTRITION & DIETETICS-

CiteScore

4.90

自引率

3.30%

发文量

512

期刊介绍： Clinical Nutrition ESPEN is an electronic-only journal and is an official publication of the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN). Nutrition and nutritional care have gained wide clinical and scientific interest during the past decades. The increasing knowledge of metabolic disturbances and nutritional assessment in chronic and acute diseases has stimulated rapid advances in design, development and clinical application of nutritional support. The aims of ESPEN are to encourage the rapid diffusion of knowledge and its application in the field of clinical nutrition and metabolism. Published bimonthly, Clinical Nutrition ESPEN focuses on publishing articles on the relationship between nutrition and disease in the setting of basic science and clinical practice. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN is available to all members of ESPEN and to all subscribers of Clinical Nutrition.