A holistic approach to resilient port management: Synergizing space template and crane deployment via benders decomposition algorithm

Abstract

Continuous increases in throughput have exacerbated port congestion, highlighting the need for efficiency improvements as a critical objective for port management. Due to advancements in quayside technology, bottlenecks in port operations have shifted to the landside. To address this challenge, we propose a holistic approach that seeks to synergize yard space and yard cranes (YCs), which are the primary resources in the yard. Initially, we develop a space template that utilizes resilient subblocks rather than traditional fixed subblocks, while considering the operational requirements of YCs. Subsequently, YC deployment is optimized based on the generated template. This presents a complex problem that is typically addressed using heuristic algorithms; however, heuristic algorithms cannot guarantee the quality of solutions. Thus, we choose to formulate a two-stage mathematical model and solve it using the Benders decomposition algorithm. Numerical experiments show that our algorithm efficiently reaches the optimal solution, while commercial solvers often encounter convergence problems. Furthermore, scenario analysis of YC efficiency and cost is performed to provide management insights.