Steps Toward a Psychological Theory of Prejudice in Ethiopia and Its Implications for National Unity

Abstract

Academic Abstract This paper examines the causes of ethnic and religious conflict in Ethiopia by exploring prejudice in relation to its local historical and sociopolitical factors, using psychological and sociological explanations. Indeed, prejudice in contemporary Ethiopia is not only a matter of personal attitudes but is also embedded in structural inequalities and political practices. This paper highlights the social-psychological processes of prejudice at both individual and structural levels, drawing on empirical studies of daily experiences of prejudice. The analysis includes prior research on prejudice in Ethiopia’s diverse society, alongside relevant theories of prejudice. The exploration identifies key characteristics of prejudice in Ethiopia: moral disengagement; short-termism (focusing on short-term gains); power imbalances; societal prejudice and elite prejudice; and elite preoccupation, silence, and self-serving interests. These factors contribute to an environment that undermines national unity among different ethnic and religious groups. Public Abstract In Ethiopia, prejudice has long been a pervasive part of daily life. The recent rise in ethnic and religious conflicts in Ethiopia highlights the dangers of prejudice. This paper explores historical and socio-political factors aimed at explaining the dynamics of prejudice in Ethiopia and its impact on national unity. Drawing on prior research, the paper explores the unique presentation of prejudice in the Ethiopian context. Key assumptions and characteristics identified include: dissonance; short-termism; power asymmetry; societal prejudice and elite prejudice; and elite preoccupation, silence, and self-serving interests. The exploration of prejudice offers insight for understanding and addressing the challenges posed by prejudice in Ethiopia and for promoting national unity. The paper also recognizes that, despite divisions as a result of prejudice, many Ethiopians embrace unity, seeing diversity as a strength, with government efforts supporting reconciliation.