Research Trajectory and Horizon of Electrolyte Additives and Separators in Room Temperature Na-S Batteries: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Room-temperature sodium-sulfur (RT Na-S) batteries have garnered significant attention due to their high energy density and cost-effectiveness, yet their commercialization faces challenges, primarily concerning electrolyte stability and separator performance. To address these issues, recent research has focused on developing advanced electrolyte additives and separator modifications. These innovations are aimed at optimizing the solvation structure of sodium ions, enhancing electrolyte stability, and mitigating the polysulfide shuttle effect, which improves cycle stability. Novel electrolyte additives have shown promise in improving electrolyte stability and reducing polysulfide shuttling, leading to better cycle performance. Functionalized separators have also been effective in capturing polysulfides and promoting their conversion, enhancing both rate performance and cycle life. This review summarizes the latest advancements in electrolyte additives and separators for RT Na-S batteries. By delving into the underlying mechanisms of these innovations, it highlights their potential impacts on battery performance. These efforts have contributed to significant improvements in RT Na-S battery technology, making them more viable for practical applications. Ultimately, the continued development of outstanding performance RT Na-S batteries could lead to advancements in related technologies and broader adoption in various energy storage applications.