Farm Guest Workers: US Experience

IF 1.4 3区社会学 Q1 AREA STUDIES

Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies Pub Date : 2025-06-14 DOI:10.1002/app5.70035

Philip Martin

引用次数: 0

Abstract

The US was one of the first countries to develop farm guest worker programs with Bracero programs during WWI and WWII outside regular immigration laws, followed by the H-2(A) farm guest worker programme included in immigration law in the 1950s. The US tried to legalise the farm workforce in the mid-1980s, but wound up spreading unauthorized workers throughout US agriculture and the nonfarm economy. Fewer unauthorized farm workers arrived after the 2008–09 recession, which helped the H-2A programme quadrupled to 400,000 jobs over the past decade, so that guest workers fill 20 percent of average US crop employment. The farm labour market is at a crossroads, and is considering options that include labour-saving machines, aids to raise productivity and H-2A workers, and changing to non-labour-intensive crops and importing labour-more intensive commodities from lower-wage countries.

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农场客工：美国的经验

美国是第一批在第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战期间在常规移民法之外制定农场客工计划的国家之一，随后是20世纪50年代移民法中包含的H-2(A)农场客工计划。美国试图在20世纪80年代中期使农业劳动力合法化，但最终导致未经授权的工人遍布美国农业和非农经济。在2008-09年的经济衰退之后，未经授权的农场工人减少了，这使得H-2A计划在过去十年中增加了四倍，达到40万个工作岗位，因此外来工人填补了美国平均农业就业岗位的20%。农业劳动力市场正处于十字路口，正在考虑各种选择，包括节省劳动力的机器、提高生产率的援助和H-2A工人、转向非劳动密集型作物和从低工资国家进口劳动密集型商品。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies AREA STUDIES-

CiteScore

3.20

自引率

5.30%

发文量

审稿时长

6 weeks

期刊介绍： Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies is the flagship journal of the Crawford School of Public Policy at The Australian National University. It is a peer-reviewed journal that targets research in policy studies in Australia, Asia and the Pacific, across a discipline focus that includes economics, political science, governance, development and the environment. Specific themes of recent interest include health and education, aid, migration, inequality, poverty reduction, energy, climate and the environment, food policy, public administration, the role of the private sector in public policy, trade, foreign policy, natural resource management and development policy. Papers on a range of topics that speak to various disciplines, the region and policy makers are encouraged. The goal of the journal is to break down barriers across disciplines, and generate policy impact. Submissions will be reviewed on the basis of content, policy relevance and readability.