Insights for lncH19, miR-9, and miR-146a expression levels and their cross-talk with pro-inflammatory cytokines, copeptin, and neopterin profile in type 1 diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Abstract

Background: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) have become a key long-term complication of Type 1 diabetes (T1D), is a prevalent autoimmune chronic disease that greatly raises mortality rates in T1D patients. MicroRNAs (miRNA) have been linked to the pathophysiology of T1D, oxidative stress and inflammation are acknowledged as major contributors to the development of cardiovascular problems in diabetes. In this research work, the link between oxidative stress, inflammation, and miRNA expression will be investigated in order to determine their potential as molecular biomarkers for diagnosing and tracking cardiomyopathy in T1D.

Methods and results: Patients were allocated into two groups: Healthy controls (Group I) and individuals with diabetes (Group II). Group II was further split into G-IIa and G-IIb subgroups in accordance with diabetes duration (< 5 years), and (> 5 years) of diagnosis respectively. TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-23 cytokines, Neopterin, CRP, Copeptin, Creatinine, Creatine kinase, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, and LDL in the serum were all measured. The findings showed increased levels of oxidative stress markers, inflammatory markers, and altered lipid profiles in comparison to both diabetes groups with healthy controls, with some differences between G-IIa and G-IIb. NF-kB, lncH19, and miR-9 expressions were considerably higher in diabetic patients than in controls, but miR-146a levels were significantly lower.

Conclusions: These findings suggest the involvement of pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and certain miRNAs in the development of T1D cardiomyopathy. These factors may also serve as potential biomarkers in light of the early identification and management of cardiovascular issues in T1D patients.