Perchlorate brine formation from frost at the Viking 2 landing site.

IF 8.9 1区 地球科学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Communications Earth & Environment Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-10 DOI:10.1038/s43247-025-02411-0
Vincent F Chevrier
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Abstract

The presence and stability of brines on Mars's surface remain a significant mystery in planetary exploration. Previous mechanisms proposed for brine formation include melting of ice-salt mixtures and salt deliquescence. However, melting lacks a recharge mechanism, and deliquescence is impeded by Mars's extreme surface aridity. This study explores an underexplored process: the role of seasonal frost in brine formation. Utilizing meteorological data from the Viking 2 lander-the only mission, with Phoenix, to observe in situ water frost formation-I demonstrate that brines can form over approximately 30 sols at the end of winter as frost sublimates. The stable brines exhibit a water activity upper limit of 0.52, corresponding to the eutectic point of calcium perchlorate, a salt detected in various Martian regions, likely including the Viking 2 landing site. Consequently, I conclude that calcium perchlorate can generate small amounts of liquid brine in contact with frost for brief periods. The seasonal nature of frost suggests these brines recur and may leave long-term imprints. Therefore, frost-covered regions are prime candidates for future habitability and astrobiological exploration.

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维京2号着陆点结冰形成的高氯酸盐盐水。
火星表面盐水的存在和稳定性仍然是行星探索中的一个重大谜团。以前提出的盐水形成机制包括冰盐混合物的融化和盐的潮解。然而,火星的融化缺乏补给机制,而火星表面的极度干燥也阻碍了潮解。这项研究探索了一个未被充分探索的过程:季节性霜冻在盐水形成中的作用。利用海盗2号着陆器的气象数据——唯一一个与凤凰号一起观测水霜形成的任务——我证明了在冬季结束时,随着霜的升华,盐水可以在大约30个太阳上形成。稳定的盐水显示出水活度上限为0.52,与高氯酸钙的共晶点相对应,高氯酸钙是一种在火星各个地区检测到的盐,可能包括维京2号的着陆点。因此,我得出结论,高氯酸钙可以在短时间内与霜接触产生少量的液体盐水。霜冻的季节性表明这些盐水会反复出现,并可能留下长期的印记。因此,被霜覆盖的地区是未来宜居性和天体生物学探索的主要候选者。
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来源期刊
Communications Earth & Environment
Communications Earth & Environment Earth and Planetary Sciences-General Earth and Planetary Sciences
CiteScore
8.60
自引率
2.50%
发文量
269
审稿时长
26 weeks
期刊介绍: Communications Earth & Environment is an open access journal from Nature Portfolio publishing high-quality research, reviews and commentary in all areas of the Earth, environmental and planetary sciences. Research papers published by the journal represent significant advances that bring new insight to a specialized area in Earth science, planetary science or environmental science. Communications Earth & Environment has a 2-year impact factor of 7.9 (2022 Journal Citation Reports®). Articles published in the journal in 2022 were downloaded 1,412,858 times. Median time from submission to the first editorial decision is 8 days.
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