Citric acid as electrolyte additive in aqueous magnesium-air battery used in Antarctic climate

IF 5.5 3区材料科学 Q1 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

Electrochimica Acta Pub Date : 2025-06-14 DOI:10.1016/j.electacta.2025.146689

Iliyan Popov , Boris Shirov , Temenuzhka Spasova , Yovka Milusheva , Adlin Dancheva , Reneta Boukoureshtlieva

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Abstract

The Magnesium-Air battery is a highly attractive energy source due to its high specific energy, low cost, and potential for rapid mechanical recharging. This study explores the use of citric acid as an additive to saline electrolytes, including seawater, to enhance the performance of the magnesium-air electrochemical system under polar climate conditions.

The optimized electrolyte composition, containing 10 g/dm³ of citric acid, demonstrated a balance between moderate corrosion rates and high system stability. Low-temperature studies revealed that the citric acid-modified electrolyte maintained superior performance compared to the control, even at sub-zero temperatures, due to improved ionic conductivity and reduced freezing effects. This behavior highlights the additive's effectiveness in enabling continuous operation under extreme environmental conditions. Additionally, while not the main focus, it was observed that citric acid improved the performance of the gas diffusion electrode, further enhancing the overall system's efficiency.

A magnesium-air battery incorporating citric acid as an additive powered a weather station at the Bulgarian Antarctic Station on Livingstone Island from December 1, 2022, to January 31, 2023. The system operated reliably in the harsh polar environment, maintaining stable cell voltages and consistent operation at temperatures between +1 °C and +11 °C. These results demonstrate the potential of citric acid-enhanced magnesium-air batteries for remote and off-grid applications in extreme environments.

Abstract Image

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柠檬酸作为电解液添加剂用于南极气候条件下的镁-空气水电池

镁-空气电池因其高比能、低成本和快速机械充电的潜力而成为一种极具吸引力的能源。本研究探索了将柠檬酸作为盐电解质（包括海水）的添加剂，以提高镁-空气电化学系统在极地气候条件下的性能。优化后的电解质成分含有10 g/dm³的柠檬酸，在中等腐蚀速率和高系统稳定性之间取得了平衡。低温研究表明，即使在零度以下的温度下，柠檬酸修饰的电解质也能保持比对照组更好的性能，这是由于离子电导率的提高和冻结效应的减少。这种特性凸显了添加剂在极端环境条件下连续作业的有效性。此外，虽然不是主要焦点，但我们观察到柠檬酸改善了气体扩散电极的性能，进一步提高了整个系统的效率。2022年12月1日至2023年1月31日，保加利亚利文斯通岛南极站的气象站使用了一种含有柠檬酸添加剂的镁空气电池。该系统在恶劣的极地环境中可靠运行，在+1°C至+11°C的温度范围内保持稳定的电池电压和一致的运行。这些结果证明了柠檬酸增强镁空气电池在极端环境下远程和离网应用的潜力。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Electrochimica Acta 工程技术-电化学

CiteScore

11.30

自引率

6.10%

发文量

1634

审稿时长

41 days

期刊介绍： Electrochimica Acta is an international journal. It is intended for the publication of both original work and reviews in the field of electrochemistry. Electrochemistry should be interpreted to mean any of the research fields covered by the Divisions of the International Society of Electrochemistry listed below, as well as emerging scientific domains covered by ISE New Topics Committee.