Non-coding RNA biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease

IF 3.2 3区医学 Q2 MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY

Clinica Chimica Acta Pub Date : 2025-06-14 DOI:10.1016/j.cca.2025.120427

Mozhdeh Mohammadpour , Kholoud Saeidi , Felora Ferdosi , Hadi Khanifar , Ehsan Dadgostar , Faranak Zakizadeh , Siavash Abdolghaderi , Seyyed Hossein Khatami

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia among elderly individuals and is characterized by progressive cognitive decline, memory impairment, and the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Despite extensive research, current therapeutic approaches remain limited to symptomatic relief and are unable to halt disease progression. This challenge highlights the urgent need for reliable biomarkers that enable early diagnosis and facilitate the development of targeted interventions. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have recently emerged as promising biomarkers because of their regulatory roles in gene expression and cellular function. Among them, microRNAs (miRNAs) have revolutionized our understanding of neurodegenerative processes, with evidence linking their dysregulation to AD pathology. Additionally, circular RNAs (circRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) have been implicated in neuronal survival, synaptic maintenance, and amyloid precursor protein processing, further expanding the biomarker landscape. This review examines the expression patterns, functional significance, and diagnostic potential of ncRNAs in AD, alongside methodological approaches for their detection. By bridging molecular insights with translational applications, we explore how ncRNAs may redefine AD diagnostics and therapeutic strategies in the future.

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阿尔茨海默病的非编码RNA生物标志物

阿尔茨海默病（AD）是老年人痴呆症最常见的病因，其特征是认知能力逐渐下降、记忆障碍、大脑中淀粉样蛋白斑块和神经原纤维缠结的积累。尽管进行了广泛的研究，但目前的治疗方法仍然局限于症状缓解，无法阻止疾病进展。这一挑战突出表明，迫切需要可靠的生物标志物，以实现早期诊断并促进有针对性干预措施的发展。近年来，非编码rna （ncRNAs）因其在基因表达和细胞功能中的调控作用而成为一种有前景的生物标志物。其中，microRNAs （miRNAs）已经彻底改变了我们对神经退行性过程的理解，有证据表明它们的失调与AD病理有关。此外，环状rna （circRNAs）、长链非编码rna （lncRNAs）和piwi相互作用rna （piRNAs）与神经元存活、突触维持和淀粉样蛋白前体蛋白加工有关，进一步扩大了生物标志物的范围。本文综述了ncrna在AD中的表达模式、功能意义和诊断潜力，以及它们的检测方法。通过将分子见解与翻译应用相结合，我们探索了ncRNAs如何在未来重新定义AD的诊断和治疗策略。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Clinica Chimica Acta 医学-医学实验技术

CiteScore

10.10

自引率

2.00%

发文量

1268

审稿时长

23 days

期刊介绍： The Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) Clinica Chimica Acta is a high-quality journal which publishes original Research Communications in the field of clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine, defined as the diagnostic application of chemistry, biochemistry, immunochemistry, biochemical aspects of hematology, toxicology, and molecular biology to the study of human disease in body fluids and cells. The objective of the journal is to publish novel information leading to a better understanding of biological mechanisms of human diseases, their prevention, diagnosis, and patient management. Reports of an applied clinical character are also welcome. Papers concerned with normal metabolic processes or with constituents of normal cells or body fluids, such as reports of experimental or clinical studies in animals, are only considered when they are clearly and directly relevant to human disease. Evaluation of commercial products have a low priority for publication, unless they are novel or represent a technological breakthrough. Studies dealing with effects of drugs and natural products and studies dealing with the redox status in various diseases are not within the journal''s scope. Development and evaluation of novel analytical methodologies where applicable to diagnostic clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine, including point-of-care testing, and topics on laboratory management and informatics will also be considered. Studies focused on emerging diagnostic technologies and (big) data analysis procedures including digitalization, mobile Health, and artificial Intelligence applied to Laboratory Medicine are also of interest.