Obesity and Climate Change: A Two-way Street with Global Health Implications

Abstract

Obesity and climate change are critical global challenges of the 21st century, with shared drivers and far-reaching impacts on public health, environmental sustainability, and socioeconomic equity. Both crises are fueled by factors such as unsustainable food systems, urbanization, and systemic inequities. Industrialized food production contributes to greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation, and resource depletion while promoting calorie-dense, nutrient-poor diets that exacerbate obesity rates. Climate-induced food insecurity further intensifies the malnutrition paradox, where undernutrition and obesity coexist, disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations. This short communication explores the complex connections between obesity and climate change, examining their mutual drivers, public health implications, and role in food systems. The novelty of this communication lies in its amalgamation of emerging, underexplored bidirectional mechanisms, including thermoregulatory effects and differential emissions contributions, supported by recent evidence. Rather than serving as a comprehensive review, this paper aims to offer a concise yet policy-relevant perspective that emphasizes overlooked linkages and actionable solutions. By clearly framing the scope and contribution of this short communication, we aim to distinguish our work from broader literature reviews and highlight its relevance for integrated health-environment policy development. Recommendations include leveraging technology, fostering global collaboration, and advancing interdisciplinary research to address these intersecting crises holistically. Aligning with public health and environmental goals is essential for creating a resilient and equitable future for both human and planetary well-being. This short communication was developed through an extensive review of scholarly articles, policy reports, and case studies addressing the intersections of obesity and climate change. Sources were identified via databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, with keywords including “obesity,” “climate change,” “food systems,” and “public health policies.” The analysis focused on identifying shared drivers, mutual impacts, and actionable strategies. Emphasis was placed on evidence-based insights and multidisciplinary approaches to propose integrated solutions that address both crises.