Challenges to accessing gynecological care for women with disabilities in Almaty, Kazakhstan

Abstract

Background

Globally, 1 in 5 women lives with disability, yet access to healthcare remains a significant challenge, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Despite ongoing efforts to implement inclusive policies, many health systems are not fully equipped to meet the needs of this population. Kazakhstan has taken steps to ensure equal access, however significant barriers persist for people with disabilities. This study specifically examines the obstacles to accessing medical care for women with disabilities in Almaty city, the largest city in Kazakhstan.

Methods

This study utilized a qualitative research design, conducting in – depth interviews with women with disabilities and medical staffs in hospitals and primary healthcare settings in Almaty. The interview was structured around 5 key areas of inquiry. Each interview lasted approximately 40 minutes, and informed consent was obtained orally from all participants. Data analysis was performed using Dedoose software.

Results

A total of 12 women with disabilities and 30 medical staff participated in the study. Common challenges identified by women included a lack of information regarding pregnancy, reproductive health, and government-funded medical care. Many women also reported discomfort and stigma when seeking medical treatment. From the perspective of healthcare providers, key barriers included inadequate training on how to effectively serve women with disabilities, as well as the need for improvements in medical infrastructure and resources.

Conclusion

The lack of specialized resources, infrastructure and financial constraints was identified. However, women emphasized the importance of better informational support and psychological assistance, whereas healthcare staff highlighted the need for enhanced training and skill development.