Ricinus communis leaf extract ameliorates kidney dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male Wistar rats via apoptotic markers and antioxidant balance
Saka Waidi Adeoye , Igbayilola Yusuff Dimeji , Adisa Victoria Ifeoluwa , Hamidu Lawan Jabba , Adeogun Adetomiwa Ezekiel , Zakari Muhammed Baba
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Abstract
Background and aims
The metabolic disease known as diabetes mellitus is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, impaired glucose metabolism, and insulin resistance, which predisposes individuals to oxidative stress-mediated renal dysfunction. This study aims to evaluate the renoprotective potential of the methanolic leaf extract of Ricinus communis L. (MERC) by assessing its effects on kidney function, kidney biomarkers, and histopathological alterations in male Wistar rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes.
Materials and methods
Thirty-five Wistar rats were divided into five groups: G1 (control) received dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for 21 days; G2 (diabetic control) received STZ to induce diabetes; G3 (standard treatment) received STZ and metformin; G4 (experimental treatment) received STZ and MERC; and G5 (non-diabetic, MERC-treated) received only MERC. Following the experimental period, urine samples were analyzed for protein content, while kidney tissues were subjected to biochemical and histological assessments.
Results
G2 rats exhibited significant elevations (p < 0.05) in fasting blood glucose, creatinine, urea, urine protein, oxidative stress, and apoptotic markers, alongside diminished nephritic antioxidant enzyme activity and glomerular integrity. Conversely, G5 demonstrated marked (p < 0.05) improvements in oxidative stress, apoptosis markers, insulin, fasting glucose, and renal function, with enhanced antioxidant and chloride enzyme activities. G4 exhibited moderate histological recovery and increased antioxidant enzyme levels, though to a lesser extent than G5.
Conclusion
MERC demonstrates significant renoprotective effects, mitigating renal dysfunction and histological damage in STZ-induced diabetic Wistar rats, highlighting its potential therapeutic benefits in diabetic nephropathy.
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