Mobile eye-tracking and neuroimaging technologies reveal teaching and learning on the move: bibliometric mapping and content analysis.

Abstract

Mobile psychophysiological technologies, such as portable eye tracking, electroencephalography, and functional near-infrared spectroscopy, are advancing ecologically valid findings in cognitive and educational neuroscience research. Staying informed on the field's current status and main themes requires continuous updates. Here, we conducted a bibliometric and text-based content analysis on 135 articles from Web of Science, specifically parsing publication trends, identifying prolific journals, authors, institutions, and countries, along with influential articles, and visualizing the characteristics of cooperation among authors, institutions, and countries. Using a keyword co-occurrence analysis, five clusters of research trends were identified: (i) cognitive and emotional processes, intelligent education, and motor learning; (ii) professional vision and collaborative learning; (iii) face-to-face social learning and real classroom learning; (iv) cognitive load and spatial learning; and (v) virtual reality-based learning, child learning, and technology-assisted special education. These trends illustrate a consistent growth in the use of portable technologies in education over the past 20 years and an emerging shift towards "naturalistic" approaches, with keywords such as "face-to-face" and "real-world" gaining prominence. These observations underscore the need to further generalize the current research to real-world classroom settings and call for interdisciplinary collaboration between researchers and educators. Also, combining multimodal technologies and conducting longitudinal studies will be essential for a comprehensive understanding of teaching and learning processes.