Domain-specific cognitive flexibility: Shift-readiness adaptations for task- and attention-switching are non-transferrable.

IF 1.4 3区 心理学 Q4 PHYSIOLOGY
Audrey Siqi-Liu, Cai Longman, Tobias Egner
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Adaptive behavior in the real world involves navigating competing goals in a constantly changing environment. Doing so requires cognitive flexibility across multiple domains, including flexibility for switching between tasks, that is, activating the appropriate rules for stimulus-response associations, and flexibility for shifting attention between different sources of sensory inputs. Previous work in task switching and attention shifting has separately shown that people are capable of strategically modulating both types of flexibility based on the current demands. That is, people become better at switching between tasks (e.g., digit magnitude vs. parity tasks) when switches are frequently cued and better at shifting attention between different stimulus locations when shifts are frequently cued. Across five experiments in the current study, we investigated the possibility of cognitive flexibility transfer between the domains of task switching and attention shifting when the frequency of switches/shifts is orthogonally manipulated within the same context. We implemented a novel paradigm that involved concurrent cued task switching and attention shifting. We varied either the proportion of task switches or attention shifts across blocks of trials, while keeping the proportion of the other constant. If flexibility adaptations in biased contexts transferred across domains, switch/shift frequency manipulations in one domain should affect flexibility across both domains. Instead, in Experiments 1 to 3, we found that performance costs of attention shifts remained constant across task-switch biased contexts despite adjustments in task-switch costs; likewise, in Experiments 4 to 5, we found that costs of switching between tasks remained constant across blocks that varied in attention-shift frequency despite adaptations in attention-shift costs. These results suggest that probabilistic learning and adjustments of attention-shifts and task switches to meet contextual demands occur independently.

特定领域的认知灵活性:转移准备适应任务和注意力转换是不可转移的。
现实世界中的适应性行为包括在不断变化的环境中导航相互竞争的目标。这样做需要跨多个领域的认知灵活性,包括在任务之间切换的灵活性,即激活刺激-反应关联的适当规则,以及在不同感官输入来源之间转移注意力的灵活性。先前在任务转换和注意力转移方面的研究分别表明,人们能够根据当前的相关需求,有策略地调节这两种灵活性。也就是说,当开关被频繁提示时,人们更擅长在任务之间切换(例如,数字大小与奇偶性任务),而当转换被频繁提示时,人们更擅长在不同刺激位置之间转移注意力。在本研究的五个实验中,我们调查了在相同情境下,当转换/转移的频率被正交操纵时,任务切换和注意转移域之间认知灵活性转移的可能性。我们实现了一个涉及并发提示任务切换和注意力转移的新范式。我们改变了任务切换或注意力转移的比例,同时保持另一种比例不变。如果在偏置上下文中的灵活性适应性跨域转移,那么一个域中的切换/移位频率操作应该会影响两个域的灵活性。相反,在实验1-3中,我们发现,尽管任务转换成本有所调整,但在任务转换偏倚情境中,注意力转移的绩效成本保持不变;同样,在实验4-5中,我们发现,尽管注意力转移成本有所调整,但在不同注意力转移频率的区块中,任务之间切换的成本保持不变。这些结果表明,概率学习和注意力转移和任务切换的调整以满足上下文需求是独立发生的。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.50
自引率
5.90%
发文量
178
审稿时长
3-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Promoting the interests of scientific psychology and its researchers, QJEP, the journal of the Experimental Psychology Society, is a leading journal with a long-standing tradition of publishing cutting-edge research. Several articles have become classic papers in the fields of attention, perception, learning, memory, language, and reasoning. The journal publishes original articles on any topic within the field of experimental psychology (including comparative research). These include substantial experimental reports, review papers, rapid communications (reporting novel techniques or ground breaking results), comments (on articles previously published in QJEP or on issues of general interest to experimental psychologists), and book reviews. Experimental results are welcomed from all relevant techniques, including behavioural testing, brain imaging and computational modelling. QJEP offers a competitive publication time-scale. Accepted Rapid Communications have priority in the publication cycle and usually appear in print within three months. We aim to publish all accepted (but uncorrected) articles online within seven days. Our Latest Articles page offers immediate publication of articles upon reaching their final form. The journal offers an open access option called Open Select, enabling authors to meet funder requirements to make their article free to read online for all in perpetuity. Authors also benefit from a broad and diverse subscription base that delivers the journal contents to a world-wide readership. Together these features ensure that the journal offers authors the opportunity to raise the visibility of their work to a global audience.
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