Utilization of the modified Bosniak classification system for complex renal cysts.

Abstract

Background: Solid renal masses are commonly managed through surgical intervention, while conservative management is the preferred approach for simple renal cysts. However, the optimal management strategies for complex renal cysts in children remain unresolved.

Objective: To conduct a meta-analysis of the literature on the modified Bosniak (mBosniak) classification system to assess its diagnostic performance in pediatric complex renal cysts.

Data sources and study eligibility criteria: A predefined database search (January 1986-December 2023), used the following keywords: Bosniak classification, modified Bosniak, pediatric renal cysts, complex renal cyst, and pediatric renal tumor. Two independent reviewers extracted data on mBosniak categories and their associated pathology diagnoses. The inclusion criteria comprised (1) English-language publications, (2) involving the pediatric population, (3) using the mBosniak classification and (4) incorporating histopathological data.

Study appraisal and synthesis methods: The quality of studies was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool. The analysis involved pooling data, performing subgroup analyses, and exploring potential publication bias.

Results: A total of 7 retrospective studies, which included 154 lesions and 368 scan readings, were included. The overall prevalence of intermediate/malignant lesions was 70% (257/368). In distinguishing benign from intermediate/malignant pathology using the mBosniak classification (I-II vs. III-IV), the overall pooled sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 0.88 (227/257), 0.74 (82/111), 0.89 (227/256), and 0.73 (82/112), respectively. mBosniak III category showed a PPV of 0.78 (70/90) and mBosniak II category showed a NPV of 0.59 (36/61). From the perspective of pathological diagnoses, 0.24 (29/122) of the readings for intermediate-risk lesions inaccurately categorized the lesions as mBosniak I-II. The diagnostic performance of the classification varies among distinct subgroups of patients and lesion characteristics.

Limitations: We included studies with pathologically verified lesions only. In addition, aspects of the radiographic follow-up, such as the duration of follow-up, changes in cyst complexity or size over time, and the correlation between specific dynamics and malignancy, could not be evaluated based on the data provided in the included studies.

Conclusions and implications of key findings: The mBosniak classification is a less precise tool for stratifying the challenging cases of intermediate-risk lesions, and the relatively low predictive values of the middle categories (II-III) cast doubt on its utility. Clinicians should incorporate additional clinical-epidemiological data for a more accurate assessment of these lesions. Registration number CRD42023493223.