Up-to-Date Review on Flat-Plate Solar Hybrid Photovoltaic Thermal Systems: Absorber Designs and Fabrication Materials

Abstract

Photovoltaic (PV) technology is generally perceived as well-developed but suffers a drop in performance at high temperatures. Faced with this problem, researchers are turning to PV thermal (PVT) systems, which integrate electricity production and thermal energy. Flat-plate PVT systems are the most widely adopted among the various configurations. This article is distinguished by an in-depth analysis of flat-plate PVT systems, drawing on a detailed analysis of recent research. It summarizes the numerous studies on the different layers of PVT systems, providing an overview of advances in this field. The materials used for absorbers and tubes are explored, providing information on their properties and applications and on the research being carried out to optimize their efficiency. The analysis also focuses on heat exchanger, tube, and channel configurations, highlighting innovations to improve their performance. Methods for integrating absorbers and tubes with PV panels, the most efficient types of PV cells, and working fluids for optimizing heat transfer and thermal performance are also discussed. Finally, an overview of software tools for simulating PVT systems and a summary of research on each software tool are provided to help researchers select the most appropriate tools for their modeling. Recommendations for further improvements to the viability of these systems are also provided.