Insulin delivery devices in diabetes management: Applications and advancements

Abstract

With continuous advancements in diabetes management technology, insulin delivery devices have become increasingly central to the treatment of diabetes. This review discusses the applications and development of various insulin delivery technologies, including insulin pens and pumps, in the management of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Insulin pens are widely used among individuals with T2DM due to their ease of use and dosing accuracy. The recent development of smart insulin pens has further enhanced patient adherence and glycemic control. Insulin pumps, particularly patch pumps, provide more precise glucose management for individuals with T1DM and select T2DM patients, significantly reducing glycemic variability and the risk of hypoglycemia. Patch pumps, as an innovative insulin infusion device, are particularly suitable for patients requiring discreet and convenient use, owing to their compact, lightweight, and tubeless design. This is especially pertinent for the large population of individuals with T2DM. However, mechanical patch pumps still require further optimization, particularly in displaying infusion volume and key operational parameters, to facilitate real-time monitoring and timely therapeutic adjustments by both patients and clinicians. This review summarizes the advantages and limitations of different types of insulin delivery devices and explores their potential role in clinical practice. Further advancements in these systems are expected to offer safer, more convenient, precise, and cost-effective treatment options for diabetes management.