Size distribution and shape properties of brash ice in icebreaking channel of level ice

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Cold Regions Science and Technology Pub Date : 2025-06-10 DOI:10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104577

Congcong Zhao, Bin Mei, Guoyou Shi

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

With the expansion of global shipping into polar and icy regions, icebreaking escorts are essential for ensuring efficient cold-region port and waterway operations, and ice resistance evaluation is critical for optimizing escort strategies. However, the existing studies mainly rely on the properties of natural large-size ice floes to create static geometric models of regular-shaped ice, and the brash ice properties are lacking in icebreaking channels after the initial icebreaking of level ice. This oversight neglects variations in ice properties and the dynamic effects of icebreaking speed, and effect the accuracy of brash ice resistance prediction. To address this gap, this study examines the size distribution and shape properties of brash ice in icebreaking channels after initial icebreaking of level ice, based on full scale ship tests in Bohai Bay. Using airborne photography and image segmentation, we analyzed ice characteristics and distribution patterns. Results show that the size distribution of brash ice follows a power-law distribution, with a unimodal probability density function that fits well to a Weibull function. The average size closely matches the Weibull fitting mean. Shape analysis indicates that brash ice roundness exhibits scale invariance relative to caliper diameter. Kendall's Tau correlation analysis and regression analyses identify that there is a significant negative exponential relationship between brash ice size and icebreaking speed, and the ship speed has an impact on level ice fragmentation significantly. This study presents an analytical method for the geometric parameters of brash ice in icebreaking channels and proposes the size distribution and shape property patterns, which can be used for ice resistance prediction and optimization of icebreaking strategies.

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水平冰破冰通道中浮冰的尺寸分布及形状特性

随着全球航运向极地和冰区的扩张，破冰护航对于确保寒冷地区港口和航道的高效运营至关重要，而抗冰性评估对于优化护航策略至关重要。然而，现有的研究主要依靠天然大尺寸浮冰的特性来建立规则形状冰的静态几何模型，缺乏水平冰初始破冰后的破冰通道的浮冰特性。这种疏忽忽略了冰的性质变化和破冰速度的动态影响，影响了冲冰阻力预测的准确性。为了解决这一差距，本研究基于渤海湾的全尺寸船舶试验，研究了水平冰首次破冰后破冰通道中浮冰的尺寸分布和形状特性。利用航空摄影和图像分割，分析了冰的特征和分布模式。结果表明，浮冰的尺寸分布服从幂律分布，单峰概率密度函数与威布尔函数很好地拟合。平均尺寸与威布尔拟合均值非常接近。形状分析表明，毛坯冰圆度与卡尺直径呈尺度不变性。Kendall’s Tau相关分析和回归分析发现，浮冰尺寸与破冰速度之间存在显著的负指数关系，船速对水平冰破碎的影响显著。本研究提出了破冰通道中浮冰几何参数的分析方法，并提出了浮冰的尺寸分布和形状属性模式，可用于破冰阻力预测和破冰策略优化。

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来源期刊

Cold Regions Science and Technology 工程技术-地球科学综合

CiteScore

7.40

自引率

12.20%

发文量

209

审稿时长

4.9 months

期刊介绍： Cold Regions Science and Technology is an international journal dealing with the science and technical problems of cold environments in both the polar regions and more temperate locations. It includes fundamental aspects of cryospheric sciences which have applications for cold regions problems as well as engineering topics which relate to the cryosphere. Emphasis is given to applied science with broad coverage of the physical and mechanical aspects of ice (including glaciers and sea ice), snow and snow avalanches, ice-water systems, ice-bonded soils and permafrost. Relevant aspects of Earth science, materials science, offshore and river ice engineering are also of primary interest. These include icing of ships and structures as well as trafficability in cold environments. Technological advances for cold regions in research, development, and engineering practice are relevant to the journal. Theoretical papers must include a detailed discussion of the potential application of the theory to address cold regions problems. The journal serves a wide range of specialists, providing a medium for interdisciplinary communication and a convenient source of reference.