Sex and age-specific select hematologic and biochemical reference intervals for koi (Cyprinus rubrofuscus)

IF 0.5 4区农林科学 Q4 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI:10.1053/j.jepm.2025.05.001

Alexandra T. Troiano , Melanie Ammersbach , Kelsey D. Brust , Kathryn L. Philips , Hugues Beaufrère , Esteban Soto

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Fish are the most numerous pet throughout the United States, and ornamental Koi (Cyprinus rubrofuscus) are one of the most common ornamental pet fish in California, USA. Previous reference intervals have been established in a small sample size of koi but differences between age and sex in ornamental koi have not been investigated. The objective of this study was to establish hematologic and biochemical reference intervals for healthy koi stratified by age (juvenile vs adult) and sex (male vs female).

Method

Blood samples were collected from 50 adult males, 50 adult females and 50 juvenile koi from a commercial vendor. Heparinized whole blood was used to perform a manual complete blood count (CBC) and biochemical parameters were analyzed from plasma samples. Reference intervals were determined using a non-parametric method to obtain the 2.5% and 97.5% percentiles following elimination of outliers.

Results

Many of the investigated laboratory values were found to be similar between groups, but statistically significant differences were found between ages for calcium, anion gap, and thrombocyte count, and among both age and sex for phosphorus, bicarbonate, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glucose, red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell count (WBC), and lymphocyte count.

Conclusions

Statistically significant differences between ages and sexes were found to exist for various analytes, but the differences are unlikely to be clinically relevant given the large degree of overlap of the partitioned reference intervals. Overall, reference intervals for the investigated hematological and biochemical values were similar in nonbreeding koi regardless of sex and age.

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锦鲤（Cyprinus rubrofuscus）按性别和年龄选择血液学和生化参考区间

鱼类是美国数量最多的宠物，观赏锦鲤（Cyprinus rubrofuscus）是美国加利福尼亚州最常见的观赏宠物鱼之一。以前在小样本锦鲤中建立了参考区间，但尚未调查观赏锦鲤年龄和性别之间的差异。本研究的目的是建立按年龄（幼鱼与成鱼）和性别（雄鱼与雌鱼）分层的健康锦鲤血液学和生化参考区间。方法采集某商业养殖锦鲤成虫50只，成虫50只，幼鱼50只。用肝素化全血进行人工全血细胞计数（CBC），并分析血浆样本的生化参数。参考区间采用非参数方法确定，以获得排除异常值后的2.5%和97.5%百分位数。结果研究发现，许多实验室值在组间相似，但在钙、阴离子间隙和血小板计数方面，在年龄之间存在显著差异，在磷、碳酸氢盐、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、葡萄糖、红细胞计数（RBC）、白细胞计数（WBC）和淋巴细胞计数方面，在年龄和性别之间存在显著差异。结论：各种分析物在年龄和性别之间存在统计学上的显著差异，但由于划分的参考区间有很大程度的重叠，这种差异不太可能具有临床相关性。总体而言，无论性别和年龄，所调查的非繁殖锦鲤血液学和生化值的参考区间是相似的。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine 农林科学-兽医学

CiteScore

1.20

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

60 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine provides clinicians with a convenient, comprehensive, "must have" resource to enhance and elevate their expertise with exotic pet medicine. Each issue contains wide ranging peer-reviewed articles that cover many of the current and novel topics important to clinicians caring for exotic pets. Diagnostic challenges, consensus articles and selected review articles are also included to help keep veterinarians up to date on issues affecting their practice. In addition, the Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine serves as the official publication of both the Association of Exotic Mammal Veterinarians (AEMV) and the European Association of Avian Veterinarians (EAAV). The Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine is the most complete resource for practitioners who treat exotic pets.