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Accelerated calcium carbonate dissolution in citric acid solution due to morphological changes by air ultrafine bubbles/nanobubbles

IF 6.7 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of water process engineering Pub Date : 2025-06-12 DOI:10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.108138

Naruhito Katagiri , Takaki Kobayashi , Kazuki Matsueda , Shinya Furukawa , Arata Kioka

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This paper investigated the impact of air ultrafine bubbles or air nanobubbles (ANBs) on the formation of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) scales in a water heater and their complete dissolution in the citric acid (CA) solution. We demonstrated a significant influence of ANBs on the physicochemical properties of the CaCO₃ scales through a combination of analyses and dissolution tests in the CA solution. The scanning electron microscope images revealed a significant size reduction in CaCO₃ crystals formed in ANBs-containing water, although the X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that ANBs did not alter the CaCO₃ crystalline phase. The mercury intrusion porosimeter measurements further provided the microstructural changes of CaCO₃ scales due to ANBs. The specific surface area and total pore volume of CaCO₃ scales were significantly higher in the presence of ANBs. Interestingly, the predominant pore diameter range of 100–1000 nm in the ANBs-containing water aligned with the size of ANBs, suggesting a potential influence of ANBs on pore formation during CaCO₃ scale growth. The dissolution test in the CA solution revealed a significant enhancement in the dissolution rate of CaCO₃ scales generated from the ANBs-containing water, accelerating for 123 % in dissolution processes. The higher surface area provided more contact areas available for the CA solution, whereas the increased pore volume facilitated penetration and mass transfer within the CaCO₃ scale macroporous structure. Our study provides the coupled ANBs and CA method of CaCO₃ dissolution, highlighting a novel environment-friendly method for the effective CaCO₃ scale removal in a broad range of practical applications.

查看原文本刊更多论文

空气超微气泡/纳米气泡改变碳酸钙在柠檬酸溶液中的溶解速度

研究了空气超细气泡或空气纳米气泡（ANBs）对热水器中碳酸钙（CaCO3）水垢的形成及其在柠檬酸（CA）溶液中完全溶解的影响。通过分析和在CA溶液中的溶解测试，我们证明了ANBs对CaCO3鳞片的物理化学性质的显著影响。扫描电镜图像显示，含有ANBs的水中形成的CaCO3晶体尺寸明显减小，尽管x射线衍射分析证实ANBs没有改变CaCO3的晶相。压汞孔隙度测量进一步提供了ANBs对CaCO3鳞片微观结构的影响。在ANBs的存在下，CaCO3鳞片的比表面积和总孔体积显著增大。有趣的是，含有ANBs的水的主要孔径范围为100-1000 nm，与ANBs的大小一致，这表明ANBs对CaCO3垢生长过程中的孔隙形成有潜在的影响。在CA溶液中的溶解试验表明，含有anbs的水产生的CaCO3鳞片的溶解速率显著提高，溶解过程加速123%。较高的表面积为CA溶液提供了更多的接触面积，而增大的孔体积有利于CaCO3尺度大孔结构内的渗透和传质。本研究提出了ANBs和CA耦合溶解CaCO3的方法，为有效去除CaCO3垢提供了一种具有广泛实际应用价值的新型环保型方法。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of water process engineering

Journal of water process engineering Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Biotechnology

CiteScore

10.70

自引率

8.60%

发文量

846

审稿时长

24 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Water Process Engineering aims to publish refereed, high-quality research papers with significant novelty and impact in all areas of the engineering of water and wastewater processing . Papers on advanced and novel treatment processes and technologies are particularly welcome. The Journal considers papers in areas such as nanotechnology and biotechnology applications in water, novel oxidation and separation processes, membrane processes (except those for desalination) , catalytic processes for the removal of water contaminants, sustainable processes, water reuse and recycling, water use and wastewater minimization, integrated/hybrid technology, process modeling of water treatment and novel treatment processes. Submissions on the subject of adsorbents, including standard measurements of adsorption kinetics and equilibrium will only be considered if there is a genuine case for novelty and contribution, for example highly novel, sustainable adsorbents and their use: papers on activated carbon-type materials derived from natural matter, or surfactant-modified clays and related minerals, would not fulfil this criterion. The Journal particularly welcomes contributions involving environmentally, economically and socially sustainable technology for water treatment, including those which are energy-efficient, with minimal or no chemical consumption, and capable of water recycling and reuse that minimizes the direct disposal of wastewater to the aquatic environment. Papers that describe novel ideas for solving issues related to water quality and availability are also welcome, as are those that show the transfer of techniques from other disciplines. The Journal will consider papers dealing with processes for various water matrices including drinking water (except desalination), domestic, urban and industrial wastewaters, in addition to their residues. It is expected that the journal will be of particular relevance to chemical and process engineers working in the field. The Journal welcomes Full Text papers, Short Communications, State-of-the-Art Reviews and Letters to Editors and Case Studies

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