Surveillance for Violent Deaths - National Violent Death Reporting System, 50 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico, 2022.

IF 37.3 1区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
Kaitlin Forsberg, Kameron J Sheats, Janet M Blair, Brenda L Nguyen, Esther Amoakohene, Carter J Betz, Bridget H Lyons
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A total of 47 states had statewide data, three states had data from counties representing a subset of their population (32 California counties, representing 68% of its population; 32 Florida counties, representing 70% of its population; and 13 Texas counties, representing 63% of its population), and the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico had jurisdiction-wide data. NVDRS collates information for each death and links deaths that are related (e.g., multiple homicides, homicide followed by suicide, or multiple suicides) into a single incident.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For 2022, NVDRS collected information on 72,127 fatal incidents involving 74,148 deaths that occurred in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. In addition, data were collected for 727 fatal incidents involving 809 deaths in Puerto Rico, which were analyzed separately. Of the 74,148 deaths that occurred in 50 states and the District of Columbia, the majority (60.6%) were suicides, followed by homicides (30.2%), deaths of undetermined intent (7.1%), legal intervention deaths (1.4%) (i.e., deaths caused by law enforcement and other persons with legal authority to use deadly force acting in the line of duty, excluding legal executions, without denoting the lawfulness or legality of the circumstances surrounding the death), and unintentional firearm injury deaths (<1.0%). Of the 809 deaths that occurred in Puerto Rico, 73.9% were homicides and 23.5% were suicides.Demographic patterns and circumstances varied by manner of death. In the 50 states and the District of Columbia, the suicide rate was higher for males than for females (23.7 versus 6.1 per 100,000 population). The suicide rate for males was highest for those aged ≥85 years (56.6), whereas for females, the suicide rate was highest for those aged 45-54 years (8.9). In addition, non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN) persons had the highest suicide rates among all racial and ethnic groups (24.3). Among both males and females, the most common method of injury for suicide was a firearm. Among all suicide victims, when circumstances were known (83.5%), suicide was most often preceded by a mental health or substance use-related problem or treatment, suicidal thoughts or plans, a recent or impending crisis, or depressed mood.The homicide rate was higher for males than for females. Among all homicide victims, the homicide rate was highest among persons aged 20-24 years compared with other age groups. Non-Hispanic Black or African American (Black) males experienced the highest homicide rate of any racial or ethnic group. Among all homicide victims, the most common method of injury was a firearm. When the relationship between a homicide victim and a suspect was known, the suspect was most frequently an acquaintance or friend for male victims and a current or former intimate partner for female victims. Homicide most often was precipitated by an argument or conflict, occurred in conjunction with another crime, or, for female victims, was related to intimate partner violence. Nearly all legal intervention deaths were among males, and the legal intervention death rate was highest among males aged 30-34 years. The legal intervention death rate was highest among AI/AN males, followed by Black males. A firearm was used in most legal intervention deaths. When circumstances were known for legal intervention deaths, the most frequent circumstances reported were the victim used a weapon in the incident and the victim was previously known to authorities.Other causes of death included unintentional firearm injury deaths and deaths of undetermined intent. Unintentional firearm injury deaths were most frequently experienced by males, non-Hispanic White (White) persons, and persons aged 15-19 years. These deaths most frequently occurred while the shooter was playing with a firearm or were precipitated by a person unintentionally pulling the trigger. The rate of deaths of undetermined intent was highest among males, particularly among AI/AN and Black males, and among adults aged 35-44 years. Poisoning was the most common method in deaths of undetermined intent, and opioids were detected in approximately 70% of decedents tested for those substances.In Puerto Rico, the homicide rate was 11.5 times higher for males than for females. Firearms were the most common method of injury in homicides (93.6%). 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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Problem/condition: In 2022, approximately 24,000 persons died of homicide and approximately 49,000 persons died of suicide in the United States, according to the National Vital Statistics System. This report summarizes data from CDC's National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) on suicides, homicides, legal intervention deaths, unintentional firearm injury deaths, and deaths of undetermined intent that occurred in the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico in 2022. Results are reported by sex, age group, race and ethnicity, method of injury, type of location where the injury occurred, circumstances of injury, and other selected characteristics. In contrast to the 2021 NVDRS report, which collected data from a subset of states and included suicide data for persons aged ≥10 years, this report includes data from all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico, and includes suicide data for all ages.

Period covered: 2022.

Description of system: NVDRS collects data from death certificates, coroner and medical examiner reports, and law enforcement reports. This report includes data collected for violent deaths and suicides that occurred in 2022. Data were collected from all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. A total of 47 states had statewide data, three states had data from counties representing a subset of their population (32 California counties, representing 68% of its population; 32 Florida counties, representing 70% of its population; and 13 Texas counties, representing 63% of its population), and the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico had jurisdiction-wide data. NVDRS collates information for each death and links deaths that are related (e.g., multiple homicides, homicide followed by suicide, or multiple suicides) into a single incident.

Results: For 2022, NVDRS collected information on 72,127 fatal incidents involving 74,148 deaths that occurred in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. In addition, data were collected for 727 fatal incidents involving 809 deaths in Puerto Rico, which were analyzed separately. Of the 74,148 deaths that occurred in 50 states and the District of Columbia, the majority (60.6%) were suicides, followed by homicides (30.2%), deaths of undetermined intent (7.1%), legal intervention deaths (1.4%) (i.e., deaths caused by law enforcement and other persons with legal authority to use deadly force acting in the line of duty, excluding legal executions, without denoting the lawfulness or legality of the circumstances surrounding the death), and unintentional firearm injury deaths (<1.0%). Of the 809 deaths that occurred in Puerto Rico, 73.9% were homicides and 23.5% were suicides.Demographic patterns and circumstances varied by manner of death. In the 50 states and the District of Columbia, the suicide rate was higher for males than for females (23.7 versus 6.1 per 100,000 population). The suicide rate for males was highest for those aged ≥85 years (56.6), whereas for females, the suicide rate was highest for those aged 45-54 years (8.9). In addition, non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN) persons had the highest suicide rates among all racial and ethnic groups (24.3). Among both males and females, the most common method of injury for suicide was a firearm. Among all suicide victims, when circumstances were known (83.5%), suicide was most often preceded by a mental health or substance use-related problem or treatment, suicidal thoughts or plans, a recent or impending crisis, or depressed mood.The homicide rate was higher for males than for females. Among all homicide victims, the homicide rate was highest among persons aged 20-24 years compared with other age groups. Non-Hispanic Black or African American (Black) males experienced the highest homicide rate of any racial or ethnic group. Among all homicide victims, the most common method of injury was a firearm. When the relationship between a homicide victim and a suspect was known, the suspect was most frequently an acquaintance or friend for male victims and a current or former intimate partner for female victims. Homicide most often was precipitated by an argument or conflict, occurred in conjunction with another crime, or, for female victims, was related to intimate partner violence. Nearly all legal intervention deaths were among males, and the legal intervention death rate was highest among males aged 30-34 years. The legal intervention death rate was highest among AI/AN males, followed by Black males. A firearm was used in most legal intervention deaths. When circumstances were known for legal intervention deaths, the most frequent circumstances reported were the victim used a weapon in the incident and the victim was previously known to authorities.Other causes of death included unintentional firearm injury deaths and deaths of undetermined intent. Unintentional firearm injury deaths were most frequently experienced by males, non-Hispanic White (White) persons, and persons aged 15-19 years. These deaths most frequently occurred while the shooter was playing with a firearm or were precipitated by a person unintentionally pulling the trigger. The rate of deaths of undetermined intent was highest among males, particularly among AI/AN and Black males, and among adults aged 35-44 years. Poisoning was the most common method in deaths of undetermined intent, and opioids were detected in approximately 70% of decedents tested for those substances.In Puerto Rico, the homicide rate was 11.5 times higher for males than for females. Firearms were the most common method of injury in homicides (93.6%). When the relationship between the homicide victim and suspect was known, the suspect was most frequently a person known to the victim, but the exact relationship was unclear for male victims and was a current or former intimate partner for female victims. Among male victims, the most common precipitating circumstance was the victim was previously known to authorities (47.1%), whereas among female victims, the most common circumstance was intimate partner violence (29.8%). The suicide rate in Puerto Rico was also higher for males than for females. The most common method for suicide was hanging, strangulation, or suffocation (62.3%). A depressed mood or currently diagnosed mental health problem were frequent circumstances reported for both male and female suicide decedents.

Interpretation: This report provides a detailed summary of data from NVDRS on violent deaths and suicides that occurred in 2022, the first year for which data from all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico met the NVDRS national data set inclusion criteria. States with large numbers of deaths that meet the NVDRS case definition (California, Florida, and Texas) are moving toward statewide coverage rather than including only a subset of deaths that occurred in their state. The suicide rate was highest among AI/AN and White males, whereas the homicide rate was highest among Black and AI/AN males. Intimate partner violence precipitated a large proportion of homicides among females. Mental health and substance use problems, previous awareness of the victim by authorities, intimate partner problems, interpersonal conflicts, and acute life stressors were primary precipitating circumstances for multiple types of deaths examined. These findings increase the knowledge base about the circumstances associated with these deaths and can assist public health authorities and their partners in developing and informing effective, data-driven approaches to violence prevention.

Public health action: The injury-related deaths described in this report are preventable, and data can inform public health action. NVDRS data are used to monitor the occurrence of these fatal injuries and assist public health agencies in developing, implementing, and evaluating programs, policies, and practices to reduce and prevent deaths. States and jurisdictions have used their Violent Death Reporting System data to inform violence prevention efforts and highlight where additional focus is needed. The findings in this report can be used to enhance prevention efforts.

暴力死亡监测-国家暴力死亡报告系统,50个州,哥伦比亚特区和波多黎各,2022年。
问题/状况:根据美国国家生命统计系统的数据,2022年,美国约有2.4万人死于他杀,约有4.9万人死于自杀。本报告总结了美国疾病控制与预防中心国家暴力死亡报告系统(NVDRS)的数据,包括2022年美国50个州、哥伦比亚特区和波多黎各发生的自杀、杀人、法律干预死亡、非故意枪支伤害死亡和不明原因死亡。结果按性别、年龄组、种族和民族、受伤方法、受伤发生的位置类型、受伤情况和其他选定的特征报告。与2021年NVDRS报告不同,该报告收集了部分州的数据,包括10岁以上人群的自杀数据,而该报告包括了所有50个州、哥伦比亚特区和波多黎各的数据,包括了所有年龄段的自杀数据。涵盖时间:2022年。系统描述:NVDRS从死亡证明、验尸官和法医报告以及执法报告中收集数据。这份报告收集了2022年发生的暴力死亡和自杀事件的数据。数据是从所有50个州、哥伦比亚特区和波多黎各收集的。共有47个州有全州范围的数据,3个州的数据来自代表其人口子集的县(32个加州县,占其人口的68%;佛罗里达32个县,占其人口的70%;德克萨斯州的13个县(占其人口的63%),哥伦比亚特区和波多黎各拥有管辖范围内的数据。NVDRS对每一起死亡事件的信息进行整理,并将相关的死亡事件(例如,多起凶杀案、杀人后自杀或多起自杀)联系到一起。结果:2022年,NVDRS收集了发生在所有50个州和哥伦比亚特区的72,127起致命事件的信息,涉及74,148人死亡。此外,还收集了波多黎各727起致命事件的数据,涉及809人死亡,并分别进行了分析。在50个州和哥伦比亚特区发生的74148起死亡事件中,大多数(60.6%)是自杀,其次是他杀(30.2%)、不明意图死亡(7.1%)、法律干预死亡(1.4%)(即由执法人员和其他依法有权使用致命武力执行公务的人造成的死亡,不包括合法处决,而不表明死亡情况的合法性或合法性)。解释:本报告提供了NVDRS关于2022年发生的暴力死亡和自杀的详细数据摘要,这是所有50个州、哥伦比亚特区和波多黎各的数据首次符合NVDRS国家数据集纳入标准。符合NVDRS病例定义的死亡人数较多的州(加利福尼亚州、佛罗里达州和德克萨斯州)正朝着全州覆盖的方向发展,而不是只包括该州发生的死亡人数的一部分。自杀率在AI/AN和白人男性中最高,而杀人率在黑人和AI/AN男性中最高。亲密伴侣暴力促成了很大比例的女性凶杀案。心理健康和药物使用问题、当局以前对受害者的认识、亲密伴侣问题、人际冲突和严重的生活压力是所调查的多种死亡类型的主要诱发因素。这些调查结果增加了关于这些死亡相关情况的知识基础,并可协助公共卫生当局及其合作伙伴制定和通报以数据为依据的有效预防暴力方法。公共卫生行动:本报告中描述的与伤害有关的死亡是可以预防的,数据可以为公共卫生行动提供信息。NVDRS数据用于监测这些致命伤害的发生,并协助公共卫生机构制定、实施和评估减少和预防死亡的计划、政策和实践。国家和司法管辖区利用其暴力死亡报告系统数据为预防暴力工作提供信息,并强调需要进一步关注的领域。本报告的研究结果可用于加强预防工作。
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来源期刊
Mmwr Surveillance Summaries
Mmwr Surveillance Summaries PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH-
CiteScore
60.50
自引率
1.20%
发文量
9
期刊介绍: The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series, produced by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), is commonly referred to as "the voice of CDC." Serving as the primary outlet for timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and practical public health information and recommendations, the MMWR is a crucial publication. Its readership primarily includes physicians, nurses, public health practitioners, epidemiologists, scientists, researchers, educators, and laboratorians.
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