How sustainable are hypocaloric and balanced diets for weight loss?

IF 3.9 2区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition & Metabolism Pub Date : 2025-06-10 DOI:10.1186/s12986-025-00937-w

Ramona De Amicis, Andrea Foppiani, Alessandro Leone, Federica Sileo, Francesca Menichetti, Sara Paola Mambrini, Marta Pellizzari, Massimiliano Tucci, Daniela Martini, Cristian Del Bo, Patrizia Riso, Simona Bertoli, Alberto Battezzati

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Promoting healthy diets with low environmental impact is pivotal. The EAT-IT diet aligns with the EAT-Lancet Commission, tailored to Italian food habits. However, a comparison with weight loss diets has not been done. This cross-sectional study compares EAT-IT with historical diets of an urban nutritional care facility.

Objective: To compare conventional hypocaloric and balanced weight-loss diets with the sustainable EAT-IT diet, investigating their alignment, the influence of BMI and sex on EAT-IT adherence, to optimize the EAT-IT diet for weight management.

Methods: 4032 patients (72% female, median age 49y, BMI 29 kg/m2) received hypocaloric diets based on Mediterranean principles (51% carbohydrates, 31% lipids, 0.9 g/kg body weight protein, 17 g/1000 kcal fiber), following Italian dietary guidelines.

Results: Linear regression revealed lower EAT-IT alignment in males (-2.6%, p < 0.001) and a small BMI effect on food group adherence (0.4%, p = 0.005). Only 44% of prescribed food groups were in line to EAT-IT. Protein sources (fish 13%, red meat 13%) were generally higher than EAT-IT, except for legumes (26%) and nuts (10%) prescribed in lower quantities and frequencies, as well as vegetable oil (12%) and fresh fruits (11%). Complex carbohydrates-rich foods (13% bread, 12% pasta/cereals) and vegetables (21%) were prescribed in higher quantities in hypocaloric diets, being more aligned with the EAT-IT pattern.

Conclusions: Protein sources, being less sustainable, pose challenges in hypocaloric diets. Differences in consumption of vegetable foods were found according to sex and BMI, highlighting the struggle to meet EAT-IT sustainability criteria. Reconciliation between sustainable and hypocaloric dietary interventions is crucial.

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低热量均衡饮食对减肥的可持续性如何？

背景：促进低环境影响的健康饮食至关重要。EAT-IT饮食法与EAT-Lancet委员会一致，为意大利人的饮食习惯量身定制。然而，与减肥饮食的比较还没有完成。本横断面研究将EAT-IT与城市营养护理机构的历史饮食进行比较。目的：比较传统低热量均衡减肥饮食与可持续饮食- it饮食，研究其一致性，BMI和性别对饮食- it依从性的影响，以优化饮食- it饮食对体重管理的影响。方法：4032例患者（72%为女性，中位年龄49岁，BMI 29 kg/m2）遵循意大利饮食指南，按照地中海原则（51%碳水化合物，31%脂质，0.9 g/kg体重蛋白质，17 g/1000 kcal纤维）接受低热量饮食。结果：线性回归显示男性的EAT-IT匹配度较低（-2.6%,p）。结论：蛋白质来源的可持续性较差，对低热量饮食构成挑战。根据性别和身体质量指数发现了蔬菜食品消费量的差异，突出了满足EAT-IT可持续性标准的努力。可持续和低热量饮食干预之间的协调是至关重要的。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Nutrition & Metabolism 医学-营养学

CiteScore

8.40

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Nutrition & Metabolism publishes studies with a clear focus on nutrition and metabolism with applications ranging from nutrition needs, exercise physiology, clinical and population studies, as well as the underlying mechanisms in these aspects. The areas of interest for Nutrition & Metabolism encompass studies in molecular nutrition in the context of obesity, diabetes, lipedemias, metabolic syndrome and exercise physiology. Manuscripts related to molecular, cellular and human metabolism, nutrient sensing and nutrient–gene interactions are also in interest, as are submissions that have employed new and innovative strategies like metabolomics/lipidomics or other omic-based biomarkers to predict nutritional status and metabolic diseases. Key areas we wish to encourage submissions from include: -how diet and specific nutrients interact with genes, proteins or metabolites to influence metabolic phenotypes and disease outcomes; -the role of epigenetic factors and the microbiome in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases and their influence on metabolic responses to diet and food components; -how diet and other environmental factors affect epigenetics and microbiota; the extent to which genetic and nongenetic factors modify personal metabolic responses to diet and food compositions and the mechanisms involved; -how specific biologic networks and nutrient sensing mechanisms attribute to metabolic variability.