Difference Between Cycloplegic and Non-Cycloplegic Refraction and Its Association with Longitudinal Refractive Changes in Chinese Children.

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Ophthalmic epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-06-11 DOI:10.1080/09286586.2025.2500025

Yifan Xu, Yuanyuan Hu, Jiaqing Zhang, Yijia Chen, Yifan Zhang, Lixia Luo, Xiaotong Han

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the difference between cycloplegic and non-cycloplegic spherical equivalent refraction (DSE) as well as the association between baseline DSE and future refractive changes in Chinese children.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of children aged 2-8 years who underwent auto-refraction at the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangzhou, China, between 2009 and 2023. Cycloplegia was achieved with 1% atropine or 0.5% tropicamide. Participant demographics, cycloplegic and non-cycloplegic auto-refraction results and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), were extracted from the medical records. Multiple linear regression was used to identify the factors associated with the distribution and stability of DSE. A paired t-test was used to assess the stability of DSE over 6 months. Mixed-effect models were used to assess the association between baseline DSE and subsequent refractive changes.

Results: A total of 2909 children (mean age, 6.05 years; 45% girls) were included, with most children having a DSE between 0 and 1 D. Larger DSE was associated with younger age (β = -0.099; p < 0.05) and more hyperopic SE (β = 0.495; p < 0.05). A decline of DSE was observed after the age of 6. Stability analysis included 40 children (mean age, 5.63 years; 55% girls), with DSE showing stability over 6 months. Progression analysis of 752 children (mean age, 5.59 years; 46% girls) found no significant association between DSE and myopic shift.

Conclusions: Younger and more hyperopic children exhibited larger DSE, DSE was not an independent risk factor for myopic shift.

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中国儿童单眼瘫痪与非单眼瘫痪屈光的差异及其与纵向屈光变化的关系。

目的：探讨中国儿童单眼截瘫与非单眼截瘫的球面等效屈光（DSE）差异及基线DSE与未来屈光变化的关系。方法：我们回顾性分析2009年至2023年在中国广州中山眼科中心进行的2-8岁儿童自体屈光手术的医疗记录。用1%的阿托品或0.5%的托品酰胺实现单眼麻痹。从医疗记录中提取参与者的人口统计数据、睫状体瘫痪和非睫状体瘫痪的自折射结果和最佳矫正视力（BCVA）。采用多元线性回归分析确定影响DSE分布和稳定性的因素。采用配对t检验评估6个月以上DSE的稳定性。混合效应模型用于评估基线DSE与随后屈光变化之间的关系。结果：共2909例患儿，平均年龄6.05岁；包括45%的女孩)，大多数儿童的DSE在0到1 d之间，DSE越大，年龄越小(β = -0.099；结论：年龄越小、远视越严重的儿童DSE越大，DSE不是近视转移的独立危险因素。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Ophthalmic epidemiology 医学-眼科学

CiteScore

3.70

自引率

5.60%

发文量

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Ophthalmic Epidemiology is dedicated to the publication of original research into eye and vision health in the fields of epidemiology, public health and the prevention of blindness. Ophthalmic Epidemiology publishes editorials, original research reports, systematic reviews and meta-analysis articles, brief communications and letters to the editor on all subjects related to ophthalmic epidemiology. A broad range of topics is suitable, such as: evaluating the risk of ocular diseases, general and specific study designs, screening program implementation and evaluation, eye health care access, delivery and outcomes, therapeutic efficacy or effectiveness, disease prognosis and quality of life, cost-benefit analysis, biostatistical theory and risk factor analysis. We are looking to expand our engagement with reports of international interest, including those regarding problems affecting developing countries, although reports from all over the world potentially are suitable. Clinical case reports, small case series (not enough for a cohort analysis) articles and animal research reports are not appropriate for this journal.