Exploring the remyelinating efficacy of nanoliposomes encapsulating Withania somnifera and Ginkgo biloba in a murine model of induced demyelination.

Abstract

Demyelination leads to neuropathies and clinical deficits. Chemical remyelinating agents have variable efficacy and severe undesirable effects. Withania somnifera and Ginkgo biloba are traditionally known for possessing neuroprotective effects. The present study endeavors to reverse the demyelination using Withania somnifera root extract (WNLP) and Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (GNLP) liposomes prepared using thin-film hydration. The mean particle size (89.7 nm for WNLP, 85.5 nm for GNLP), zeta potential (-0.21 mV for WNLP, +0.455 mV for GNLP), and encapsulation efficiency (98.7% for WNLP, 97.5% for GNLP) were recorded. FTIR analysis indicated similar absorption peaks between the crude extracts and nano-liposomal formulations, with slight shifts observed. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed smooth, spherical structures. To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of oral gavage of WNLP and GNLP in a cuprizone-induced demyelinated mice model, they were randomly divided into groups, namely Control (Healthy, Sham and Vehicle), WNLP (low and high dose), GNLP (low and high dose), Ginkgo biloba crude extract (low and high dose) and Prednisolone. Treatment efficacy was assessed using behavioral tests (SHIRPA, Rota-rod, Hot-plate, NORT, and EPM), hematobiochemical, histology, and immunohistochemical analyses. The GNLP in high doses had significant improvement compared to others, highlighting its potential as a promising therapy for demyelinating neuropathies, paving the way for advancements in neurobiomedical science.