Prevalence of malaria and its associated factors among adults living in Samre Woreda, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2023/24: a community-based cross-sectional study.

Abstract

Background: Malaria remains a significant public health burden in sub-Saharan Africa, with Ethiopia's Tigray region experiencing pronounced seasonal peaks. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of malaria and its associated factors among adults living in Samre woreda, Tigray, Ethiopia, in 2023/24.

Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Samre Woreda from December 14 to 30, 2023, among 422 adults using stratified sampling. Data collection utilized semistructured questionnaires prepared in English and translated into the local Tigrigna language. Data were entered into Epi Info 7.2, exported, and analyzed using Statistical Packages for Social Science version 27. Variables with a P value < 0.2 in bivariable analysis were included in multivariable logistic regression, with significance set at P < 0.05.

Results: Among the participants, 59 (14.0%) tested positive for malaria. Females had 2.3 times higher odds of malaria infection (AOR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.1-4.9), inconsistent ITN use were 3.5 times more likely to contract malaria infection (AOR = 3.5, 95% CI: 1.4-9.2), the odds of malaria were 3.2 times greater among urban residents (AOR = 3.2, 95% CI: 1.6-6.0), and Participants living near stagnant water had six times higher odds of malaria compared to those who did not (AOR = 6.0, 95% CI: 3.0-12.5), which were identified as significantly associated factors.

Conclusion: This study reveals a substantial burden of malaria among adults in Samre Woreda. Being female, living in urban areas, inconsistent ITN use, and having stagnant water near the village were factors associated with malaria. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions, including consistent ITN use and the removal of stagnant water.