Chromoblastomycosis, Phaeohyphomycotic Abscess, and Sporotrichosis Among American Indian/Alaska Natives, Indian Health Service, 2016-2022.

Abstract

Chromoblastomycosis, phaeohyphomycotic abscesses, and sporotrichosis are fungal diseases usually caused by traumatic inoculation that cause substantial morbidity and can lead to long-term sequalae and inability to work. Few studies have analyzed the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of these mycoses in the United States, particularly among minority populations. We estimated prevalence and described features of American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) persons with these diseases using Indian Health Service (IHS) data during 2016-2022. Chromoblastomycosis and phaeohyphomycotic abscess prevalence was 9 per 1,000,000, and sporotrichosis prevalence was 5 per 1,000,000 IHS user population. Prevalence was highest in the Southern Plains region for both diseases. Several patients experienced amputation, tissue fibrosis or scarring, or lymphedema. These findings provide baseline data for monitoring prevalence or changes in geographic distribution of implantation mycoses in AI/AN persons. Although cases are rare, these findings underscore the need for standardized clinical guidance to prevent long-term disability and decreased quality of life.