Misspelled-Word Reading Modulates Late Cortical Dynamics

IF 3.5 2区 医学 Q1 NEUROIMAGING
Jiaxin You, Aino Saranpää, Tiina Lindh-Knuutila, Marijn van Vliet, Riitta Salmelin
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Literate humans can effortlessly interpret tens of thousands of words, even when the words are sometimes written incorrectly. This phenomenon suggests a flexible nature of reading that can endure a certain amount of noise. In this study, we investigated where and when brain responses diverged for conditions where misspelled words were resolved as real words or not. We used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to track the cortical activity as the participants read words with different degrees of misspelling that were perceived to range from real words to complete pseudowords, as confirmed by their behavioral responses. In particular, we were interested in how lexical information survives (or not) along the uncertainty spectrum, and how the corresponding brain activation patterns evolve spatiotemporally. We identified three brain regions that were notably modulated by misspellings: left ventral occipitotemporal cortex (vOT), superior temporal cortex (ST), and precentral cortex (pC). This suggests that resolving misspelled words into stored concepts involves an interplay between orthographic, semantic, and phonological processing. Temporally, these regions showed fairly late and sustained responses selectively to misspelled words. Specifically, an increasing level of misspelling increased the response in ST from 300 ms after stimulus onset; a functionally fairly similar but weaker effect was observed in pC. In vOT, misspelled words were sharply distinguished from real words, notably later, after 700 ms. A linear mixed effects (LME) analysis further showed that pronounced and long-lasting misspelling effects appeared first in ST and then in pC, with shorter-lasting activation also observed in vOT. We conclude that reading misspelled words engages brain areas typically associated with language processing, but in a manner that cannot be interpreted merely as a rapid feedforward mechanism. Instead, feedback interactions likely contribute to the late effects observed during misspelled-word reading.

Abstract Image

拼写错误的单词阅读调节晚期皮质动力学
有文化的人可以毫不费力地解释数以万计的单词,即使有时这些单词写错了。这一现象表明阅读的灵活性可以忍受一定程度的噪音。在这项研究中,我们调查了在拼写错误的单词被识别为真实单词或不是真实单词的情况下,大脑反应在何时何地出现分歧。我们使用脑磁图(MEG)来追踪参与者在阅读不同程度拼写错误的单词时的皮层活动,这些单词被认为从真实的单词到完全的假单词不等,并被他们的行为反应所证实。我们特别感兴趣的是词汇信息如何在不确定性谱上存活(或不存活),以及相应的大脑激活模式如何在时空上进化。我们确定了三个明显受拼写错误调节的大脑区域:左腹侧枕颞皮层(vOT)、颞上皮层(ST)和中央前皮层(pC)。这表明,将拼写错误的单词转化为存储的概念涉及正字法、语义和语音处理之间的相互作用。从时间上看,这些区域对拼写错误的单词表现出相当晚且持续的选择性反应。具体来说,从刺激开始300 ms开始,拼写错误水平的增加增加了ST的反应;在pC中观察到功能相当相似但较弱的效应。在vOT测试中,拼写错误的单词与真实单词的区别非常明显,尤其是在700毫秒之后。线性混合效应(LME)分析进一步表明,明显且持久的拼写错误效应首先出现在ST中,然后出现在pC中,而在vOT中也观察到持续时间较短的激活。我们的结论是,阅读拼写错误的单词涉及到大脑中与语言处理相关的区域,但这种方式不能仅仅被解释为一种快速的前馈机制。相反,反馈互动可能有助于在拼写错误的单词阅读中观察到的后期效应。
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来源期刊
Human Brain Mapping
Human Brain Mapping 医学-核医学
CiteScore
8.30
自引率
6.20%
发文量
401
审稿时长
3-6 weeks
期刊介绍: Human Brain Mapping publishes peer-reviewed basic, clinical, technical, and theoretical research in the interdisciplinary and rapidly expanding field of human brain mapping. The journal features research derived from non-invasive brain imaging modalities used to explore the spatial and temporal organization of the neural systems supporting human behavior. Imaging modalities of interest include positron emission tomography, event-related potentials, electro-and magnetoencephalography, magnetic resonance imaging, and single-photon emission tomography. Brain mapping research in both normal and clinical populations is encouraged. Article formats include Research Articles, Review Articles, Clinical Case Studies, and Technique, as well as Technological Developments, Theoretical Articles, and Synthetic Reviews. Technical advances, such as novel brain imaging methods, analyses for detecting or localizing neural activity, synergistic uses of multiple imaging modalities, and strategies for the design of behavioral paradigms and neural-systems modeling are of particular interest. The journal endorses the propagation of methodological standards and encourages database development in the field of human brain mapping.
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