Photochromic Organic–Inorganic Material for Focusable Adaptive Lenses Fabrication

Abstract

Adaptive optics (AO) has transformed the understanding of biology and medicine by providing unprecedented access to their fundamental elements. This technology leverages techniques and strategies originally developed in astronomy to measure and correct optical aberrations. Herein, the development of a novel photo-responsive optical material for AO applications is presented. The material consists of a photochromic film of a zirconia-based hybrid organic–inorganic (HOI) matrix that incorporates up to 20% dithienylethene molecules. The exceptional photochromic properties and thermal stability of the photochromic component, combined with the remarkable optical properties, adjustable thickness, and high dye-loading capacity of the HOI sol–gel matrix, enable the creation of a system optimized for refractive index modulation (Δn) under light exposure. Comprehensive evaluations of the photochromic material are conducted, analyzing changes in optical properties in response to varying light intensity and exposure time. Additionally, prototypes of focusable adaptive lenses specifically designed for operation in the near-infrared spectrum are engineered, achieving a significant Δn of 0.0314, effectively minimizing efficiency losses attributable to material absorption.