A 3R (remove-remodel-repair)-integrated self-assembled Chlorella-gelatin-PEG hydrogel for diabetic wound healing

IF 8.7 1区医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Materials Today Bio Pub Date : 2025-06-06 DOI:10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.101935

Yulin Li , Ruiying He , Yu Huang , Tinglin Zhang , Lan Xiao , Yin Xiao , Haifeng Liu , He Bai , Shiyong Wu , Minghao Xue , Huifen Qiang , Yan Wu , Meng Li , Chuan Yin , Jie Gao

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Diabetic wound healing remains a critical clinical challenge due to persistent bacterial infections, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation. Inspired by the principles of traditional Chinese medicine, we developed a multifunctional hydrogel (CPGel) via solvent-driven self-assembly of bioactive Chlorella extracts, gelatin, and polyethylene glycol (PEG). The CPGel synergizes the 3R strategy: (1) Remove—complete eradication of E. coli and S. aureus via intrinsic antibacterial activity; (2) Remodel—65 % ROS scavenging and immunomodulation by polarizing macrophages from proinflammatory M1 to anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes to resolve chronic inflammation; and (3) Repair—accelerated tissue regeneration via 9-fold angiogenesis (α-SMA) and 2-fold collagen I deposition. Mechanically robust (compressive strength: 4.16 MPa; tensile strength: 627 kPa) and antifreezing (−100 °C), CPGel demonstrated exceptional transparency and adhesion, ensuring seamless integration with wound sites. In diabetic mice, CPGel achieved 100 % wound closure within 21 days, surpassing controls (73 %), while promoting neovascularization and hair follicle regeneration. This study bridges traditional herbal medicine with advanced biomaterial engineering, offering a scalable, toxin-free platform that addresses the triad of diabetic wound pathogenesis. By harmonizing the 3R strategy-Remove, Remodel, and Repair-CPGel represents a paradigm shift in chronic wound management, with high potential for clinical translation and sustainable therapeutic design.

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一种用于糖尿病伤口愈合的3R（去除-重塑-修复）集成自组装小球藻-明胶-聚乙二醇水凝胶

由于持续的细菌感染、氧化应激和慢性炎症，糖尿病伤口愈合仍然是一个关键的临床挑战。受中医原理的启发，我们通过生物活性小球藻提取物、明胶和聚乙二醇（PEG）的溶剂驱动自组装开发了一种多功能水凝胶（CPGel）。CPGel协同3R策略：(1)通过内在抗菌活性去除-完全根除大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌；(2)通过极化巨噬细胞从促炎M1型到抗炎M2型对- 65% ROS的清除和免疫调节，缓解慢性炎症；(3)通过9倍血管生成（α-SMA）和2倍I型胶原沉积修复加速组织再生。机械坚固(抗压强度：4.16 MPa；抗拉强度：627 kPa)和防冻性（- 100°C）， CPGel具有卓越的透明度和附着力，确保与伤口部位无缝结合。在糖尿病小鼠中，CPGel在21天内实现了100%的伤口愈合，超过了对照组（73%），同时促进了新生血管和毛囊再生。这项研究将传统草药与先进的生物材料工程相结合，提供了一个可扩展的、无毒的平台，解决了糖尿病伤口的三重发病机制。通过协调3R策略（移除、重塑和修复），cpgel代表了慢性伤口管理的范式转变，具有临床转化和可持续治疗设计的巨大潜力。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Materials Today Bio Multiple-

CiteScore

8.30

自引率

4.90%

发文量

303

审稿时长

30 days

期刊介绍： Materials Today Bio is a multidisciplinary journal that specializes in the intersection between biology and materials science, chemistry, physics, engineering, and medicine. It covers various aspects such as the design and assembly of new structures, their interaction with biological systems, functionalization, bioimaging, therapies, and diagnostics in healthcare. The journal aims to showcase the most significant advancements and discoveries in this field. As part of the Materials Today family, Materials Today Bio provides rigorous peer review, quick decision-making, and high visibility for authors. It is indexed in Scopus, PubMed Central, Emerging Sources, Citation Index (ESCI), and Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ).